1. Like Topsy ………. how CAUL became CEIRC: the rise of the library consortium Diane Costello

2. Overview zWhy form consortia? zAustralia zCAUL/CEIRC zGaining consensus zThe trends zMulti-national consortia zOther consortial efforts

3. Why form a Consortium? zReduce costs - Discount for volume zIncrease access - To all titles owned by the consortium; to publisher’s list; to aggregator’s packages zReduce work yInformation gathering yTrial coordination yLicence negotiation yPrice negotiation

4. Principles zBetter price and/or conditions than possible as a single institution zEntry level which allows the largest number to participate zAdvantages for larger institutions zInformation gathering http://www.caul.edu.au/datasets/offers.htm http://www.caul.edu.au/datasets/ip.htm http://www.caul.edu.au/datasets/offers.htm http://www.caul.edu.au/datasets/ip.htm zSimplify administration

5. … and the Publishers? zSingle point for wide distribution of information zSingle point of contact for negotiations zSingle invoice … but zMaintain (or increase) bottom line

6. Australia z*CAVAL - Victoria zUSLA - South Australia zQULOC - Queensland zWAGUL - Western Australia z*UNILINC - New South Wales zACTUAL - Australian Capital Territory z*CASL/NLA Consortia and Licensing Working Group - MoU March 2001

8. CAUL z38 AVCC member libraries; zUniversity/Chief/Principal Librarian; zvoluntary, subscription-based; z1928 - first meeting; z1965 - Committee formed; z1992 - Council named; z1995 - full-time executive officer.

9. CAUL Environment zPublicly funded HE http://www.detya.gov.au/ … reducing …. y620,000+ FTE (including 63,000 HD) zLibrary expenditure $A390m ($US 201m) y$A136m on information resources ($US 70m) ylibrary staff average 108 zExchange rate yOctober 1996 - AUD 1.0 = USD 0.8055 yApril 3, 2001 - AUD 1.0 = USD 0.4833 yMay 9 - AUD 1.0 = USD 0.5198

10. CAUL Organisation zPresident - Helen Hayes (elected 1998) zExecutive Committee (elected) zCEIRC Committee (election/nomination) zOffice staff 2 FTE (5/95, 6/98, 4/01) ySecretariat, Committee Support, Cooperative Activities (Statistics, NBS, Performance Indicators, CISC), Liaison/Representation, Current awareness, Web site, CEIRC program

11. CEIRC (CAUL Electronic Information Resources Committee) zNPRF funds $2m 1993-1996 for datasets y“Trials” of ISI Current Contents, Academic Press IDEAL, IAC Expanded Academic ASAP, etc zEvolved into consortial purchasing yCommittee recommends policy to CAUL yCAUL Office handles day-to-day zNow includes CSIRO, CONZUL (+14 total) zCEIRC Levy

12. CEIRC (2) zGuidelines for external participants zGuidelines for licences - no strict model zChecklist for “negotiations” but zNo preferred pricing model zNo minimum participation zNo schedule of negotiations

13. CAUL Office zInstigation via member, publisher or office zDistribution of information re product, licence, price & trial via email list zNegotiation/liaison re price & conditions zMaintenance of details on web site http://www.caul.edu.au/datasets/ http://www.caul.edu.au/datasets/ zParticipation list, IP addresses, contacts zInvoicing & payments

14. Decision-Making zSelf-selected consortium vs National Site Licence y“Buying club” zChanging environment --> Changing decision-making processes zEach product assessed independently yLicence conditions yOverlap between products yChoice of interfaces

15. Decision-Making (2) zDatasets Coordinator - coordinates communication & decision by given date! yAcquisitions? yDiscipline-based liaison personnel? yElectronic information coordinator? yChief librarian?

16. Cost-Sharing zDetermined by Publisher & passed on to group eg ySubscription history (current spend) yCarnegie Classification yPercentage discount by volume x# Institutions x# Databases x# Titles yEFTSU / FTE - all or discipline-specific

17. Cost-Sharing (2) zDetermined within Consortium eg yEqual share yFTE-based yUsage-based yResources budget, or y… a combination of the above eg 50% equal share (entry level) + 50% FTE-based y… or what it is worth to the institution eg NAAL (Alabama)

18. Cost-Sharing (3) zGaining consensus yCurrent Contents - 50% fixed + 4 tiers based on FTE (+ choice of interface) yMathSciNet - Costs of current subscribers reducing with added subscribers yProQuest5000 - Minimum entry cost per institution + Minimum total cost

20. CAUL Agreements 1996- z32 agreements, 18 full-text, 4 factual databases, the rest bibliographic zHalf commenced in 2000 or later yburgeoning of available electronic products yincreasing willingness of publishers to deal with consortia zBilling handled centrally (15) ylocal office or agent zAverage number of participants 20 zHighest number 40 (ProQuest5000)

21. Issues zPublishers ySite definition (16 Oz single-campus univ) yBundling print with online yMaintaining bottom line yPremium for electronic and/or enhanced product eg WoS yAccess to “purchased” data & archiving

22. Issues (2) zMembers yVariation in size / wealth / research emphasis / discipline base yCost-sharing parameters xCompetition x“Subsidy” of less well-resourced institutions xRelative gain, rather than the NAAL ideal yAgreement on priorities

23. Issues (3) zSubscription Agents yPublishers dealing directly yOverlap with consortia xInvoicing members xPaying publisher yFinding new roles xAgent for consortia xCollections management and support

24. Some Approaches zTender for journal collection eg California State University zMega-consortium eg Solinet zManaging Agent eg NESLI / Swets / Manchester Computing zICOLC zConsortia Advisory Board (BHIL) zVADL - usage-based multi-institution licence

25. Pause.... zVery similar deals being done by a wide variety of consortia zNational Site Licence - an ideal which requires either ytop-sliced or additional funding or yinternal agreement about what is wanted and how much the individual institutions are prepared to pay for it

26. … and progress zCheaper than list prices zAccess to more titles zShift in licence conditions eg ILL, course packs, etc zUnbundling of print from electronic zMore trust --> Simpler licences

27. Cooperative Opportunities zShared ILMS eg Unilinc zJoint and/or bulk purchasing/processing eg WAGUL ze-TOC (MEADS) zReciprocal borrowing/auto document delivery (QULOC) zShared development eg JEDDS (Ariel), LIDDAS, ADT, AEVL, AgriGate, MetaWeb, ALEG

28. International Opportunities zICOLC 4, 1998 zSoliNet plus zNew Zealand zFiji ….