1. Emotional Development from 1-3

2. Emotional Patterns
Toddlers go through periods of negativism and rebellion, and happiness, calmness, and stability
Negativism- doing the opposite of what others want

3. 18 Months
Primarily self-centered- they think about their own needs and wants
caregivers begin to teach the child that some desires will not be met immediately, and some never met
Spoken instructions are not always successful
favorite word is “No”
Negativism has a number of causes
the desire for independence
could say no for things they don’t or do want
frustration results from not being able to express body language
the child’s realization of being a separate person is exciting and frightening

4. 18 months continued
These negativisms can produce a battle between caregiver and child
Positive guidance can help caregivers handle a negative child:
give choices- give no more than two alternatives
ex: picking up toys can become a game
redirect the child- take the attention off the issue that is causing the negative response
encourage talking- help children learn to use words
Temper tantrums start to occur which can include screaming, crying, kicking, pounding, hold their breath, etc

5. 2 Years
Speech and motor skills have improved which helps relieve some frustration
Expresses love and affection freely, seeks approval and praise
Are more outgoing and friendly and less self-centered

6. 2 ½ Years Not as easily distracted anymore
They know what they want to say but can’t always be understood
Have a strong drive for independence
often resist pressures to conform
independence and maturity clash
They can be stubborn, demanding, and domineering; moods change rapidly
Have a need for consistency

7. 3 Years Generally cooperative and are learning to be considerate
More willing to take directions from others
will modify behavior to win praise and affection
Much better at talking and love to do it

8. 3 ½ Years Become very insecure Fears are common at this age
some parents feel that the child is going backward rather than forward emotionally
Fears are common at this age
dark, loud noises, strangers
Emotional tension and insecurity show up in physical ways too
may start habits such as thumb sucking, nail biting, or nose picking to relieve tension
others may stumble or stutter when they talk
They try to ensure their own security by controlling their environment
can issue insistent demands

9. Practice Parenting
Identify how you as the child’s caregiver would react and offer each child a choice:
Jodie wants to wear a new shirt while working in the garden
Michael wants to eat candy for breakfast
Bobby wants the toy that John is using
Claire wants to take a plastic toy with her to bed.

10. Handling Temper Tantrums
Read page 382 in the book.
Answer questions 1 & 2.

11. Specific Emotions in 1-3 Years

12. Anger Anger is usually the child’s way of reacting to frustration
Three year olds are less violent and explosive and less likely to use hitting or kicking
Use name-calling and pouting
Target of anger changes
18 month old who has a tantrum does not direct the anger toward a particular person or thing
2 and 3 year olds are more than likely to aim their anger at the object or person that is responsible for the frustration

13. Anger continued
Anger is more frequent in anxious and insecure children, as well as those who haven’t learned self control
Children whose parents are overly critical or inconsistent become frustrated easily and show anger
Caregivers must remember to respond to a child’s anger in a controlled way

14. Fear
One year olds may be frightened of high places, strangers, and loud noises
Three year olds may be frightened of the dark, animals, and storms
An adult’s fear may rub off on the children
Separation anxiety- a fear of being away from parents, caregivers, or their normal environment
Takes place between the 1st and 4th birthday
Children will grow out of it
Can cause trouble going to sleep at night, bedtime routine helps
Nightmares can occur
asking the child to describe the nightmare can help

15. Write about a fear you had as a child.
Explain how it came about and how you learned to overcome it.
What did your parents do to help you overcome it?

16. Suggestions to Help Deal with Fears of Toddlers
Offer support and understanding, avoid shaming
Encourage the child to talk about the fears, admitting to them can help them go away
Sometimes it is best to accept the fear and avoid forcing the child to confront it, sometimes it will go away on its own
Read books together about a child that experiences fear
Make unfamiliar situations more secure
Teach the child how to control frightening situations

17. Jealousy Becomes more recognizable in the second year
Reaches peak at age 3
May resent affection between parents
Sibling rivalry- competition between brothers and sisters for parents’ affection and attention
Can happen when a new baby is born
Toddler might show off, act in inappropriate ways, or revert back to baby like behaviors
the child may need more affection and reassurance
Steps a parent can take to cut down on sibling rivalry
Make sure the children know they are loved
Set aside time to be with each child
Avoid comments that compare one child to another
Make clear that you will not accept one child tattling to get the other in trouble

18. How can the number of siblings and/or birth order affect a child’s experiences with jealousy?
Write about a time you were jealous of a sibling.

19. Love and Affection
Relationships that children have with others forms their capacity for love and affection later in life
Relationships between children and parents should be strong but not smothering
A child who depends too much on caregivers has difficulty forming other relationships

20. Empathy The ability to put oneself in another’s place
Caregivers can teach children empathy
Ex: if the child does something to hurt another child’s feelings, tell the child to apologize

21. Individual Differences
Each child is unique
A child’s temperament is a factor in emotions

22. Developing a Positive Self-Concept
How they see themselves
Can be positive- if you see yourself as a good person, capable, and can control emotions
Can be negative- if you see yourself as a bad person, incapable, or loses emotional control
A child forms their self concept in response to actions, attitudes, and comments to others
Mastery of skills helps build self concept

23. How can a child’s self-concept be affected is a parent’s expectations are unreasonably high or low?
What can parents do to develop reasonable expectations?

24. Evaluating Emotional Adjustment
The signs of a healthy relationship between parents and child:
Child seeks approval and praise
Child turns to parents for comfort and help
Child tells parents about significant events
Child accepts discipline and limits without unusual resistance

25. Activity Write down your self-concept- what you think you are like.
With each idea you write down, try to determine when in your life it arose.