1. Desert biomes J Cho Alex M. Max the Man Meehan

2. Hot and Dry (Temp.) The temperatures in the hot and dry deserts are extreme because of the lack of humidity Humidity- air which contains high amounts of water vapor Without humidity there is a lack of protection from the suns ray Average temp. ranges from 20-25 degrees Celsius Extreme high temp. ranges from 43.5- 49 degrees Celsius Min. Temp. can drop to 18 degrees below zero Celsius

3. Hot and Dry (Rainfall) Rainfall is usually limited and only in short bursts in between long periods of time Rainfall depends on regional location Ex. Rainfall in Chile is less than 1.5 cm, while deserts in the US it averages up to 28 cm

4. Hot and Dry (Rainfall Cont.) Evaporation rates often exceed rainfall rates Fun Fact: once in a while rainfall can sometimes evaporate before reaching the ground Yuma desert valley

5. Hot and Dry (Vegetation) Plants are mainly ground-hugging shrubs and short woody trees. Leaves have water-conserving characteristics. They tend to be small, thick and covered with a thick cuticle (outer layer). These plants include: yuccas, ocotillo, turpentine bush, prickly pears, false mesquite, sotol, ephedras, agaves and brittlebush.

6. Hot and Dry (Organisms) The animals include small nocturnal (active at night) carnivores. The dominant animals are burrowers and kangaroo rats. There are also insects, arachnids, reptiles and birds. The animals stay inactive in protected hideaways during the hot day and come out to hunt at dusk, dawn or at night, when the desert is cooler.

7. Hot and Dry (Food Chains) Hawk Rattlesnake Jack Rabbit Ground Hugging Shrubs

8. Semi- Arid (Temp/ Rainfall) This helps with the condensation of dew in the night, which can exceed the moisture some deserts get from rainfall Average Rainfall 2-4 cm annually Avg. Temp. 21- 27 degrees Celsius The temp. rarely gets above 38 degrees Celsius and rarely gets below 10 degrees Celsius

9. Semi- Arid (Vegetation) Spiny nature plants in order to reduce transpiration: Silvery Glossy leaves Ex. Creosote Bush, Bur Sage, white Thorn, Cat Claw, Mesquite, Brittle bush, Lyceums, and jujube

10. Semi-Arid( Animals) Protection in underground burrows where they are insulated from heat and aridity Ex. Kangaroo rates, rabbits, skunks, grasshoppers, ants, lizards, snakes, burrowing owls, California thrasher

11. Semi- Arid(Food Chains Snakes Kangaroo rat Grasshopper Forbs

12. Coastal desert (Temp/ Rainfall) Avg. Temp: 13- 24 degrees Celsius Winter: 5 degrees Celsius or below Max: 35 degrees Celsius Min: -4 degrees Celsius Rainfall: 8- 13 cm Max: 37 cm Min: 5 cm

13. Coastal Desert (Vegetation) They grow in fine textured soil with moderate salt content Extensive root systems sloe to the surface Have thickly fleshy leaves or stems to take in available water Ex: salt bush, buckwheat bush, black bush, rice grass, and black sage

14. Coastal Desert (Animals) Specialized adaptations for dealing with heat and lack of rain Ex: Coyote, badger, toads, great horned owl, golden eagle, bald eagle, lizards, snakes

15. Coastal Desert (Food Chains) Eagles Snakes Lizards Insects Black sage

16. Cold Desert (Temp/ Rainfall) Temperature Cold winters with high snowfall and high overall rainfall Short moist and moderately warm summers with fairly long and cold winters Winter: -2 to 4 degrees Celsius Summer: 21- 26 degrees Celsius Rainfall Avg. annual precipitation is 15- 26 cm Max: 46 cm Min: 9 cm

17. Cold Deserts (Vegetation) Widely scattered 10 percent of the ground is covered with plants The areas of sage bush goes up to 85 percent Heights vary between 15- 122 cm Most are deciduous

18. Cold Deserts (Animals) Widely distributed Ex: jackrabbits, kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice, pocket mice, grasshopper mice, antelope, and ground squirrels

19. Cold Deserts (Food Chains) Killer Whale Seals Small fishes phytoplankton

20. Chaparral Biome Chaparrals exist in a mid latitude climate and lie in a belt of prevailing westerly winds

21. Chaparral Biomes ( Temp/ Rainfall) Temperature Hot and dry Winter- mild 10 degrees Celsius Summer- hot and dry up to 40 degrees Celsius (fires and droughts are common) Rainfall 10- 17 inches annually Because of the hot and dry summer only hard leaved plants survive and many have adapted to have hairy leaves to collect moisture

22. Chaparral (Vegetation) Have adapted to the fires by allowing their seeds to remain dormant until a fire occurs to crack the outer shell so that the plant may begin sprouting Ex. Blue Oak, Coyote Brush, Common Sagebrush, Fairy duster, French boom, King protea, Lebanon, Cedar, Manzanita, Mountain Mahogany, Salt marsh Bird’s Beak, Olive tree, Torrey Pine

23. Chaparral (Animals) Ex: Aardwolf, Black tailed Jackrabbit, Cactus Wren, Golden Jackal, Grey fox, Island Grey fox, Puma, San Joachim kit fox, Spotted skunk, wild goat

24. Chaparral (Food Web) Pumas Aardwolf Termites Cacti