1. Titan IV Launch Vehicle

2. Titan IVATitan IVB Titan IV Heritage Reference Information Titan IV Launch Vehicle Titan IV Launch History Select Image or Text

3. Titan IVA Model Configuration Payload Fairing Centaur Upper Stage Payload Stage 2 Stage 0 Solid Rocket Motor (2 Places) Stage 1 Thrust Control Vector Tank (2 Places)

4. Titan IVA Model Configuration Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 0 Solid Rocket Motor (2 Places) Payload Fairing Thrust Control Vector Tank (2 Places) Centuar Upper Stage Payload

5. The first Titan IV vehicle launched into space on June 14, 1989 from Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL. The Titan IVA positioned a Defense System Program ballistic missile launch detection satellite into a geosynchronous orbit. Courtesy of Martin Marietta Titan IV First Launch

6. The Titan IVB vehicle is shown at Launch Complex 40 at the Cape Canaveral Air Station, FL. The Mobile Service Tower has been retracted and the Titan IVB/Centaur carrying the Cassini – Huygens spacecraft stands ready for launch. The launch vehicle, Cassini - Huygens spacecraft and attached Centaur stage encased in the payload fairing, stand about 183 feet tall. Mounted at the base of the launch vehicle are two upgraded solid rocket motors. Cassini – Huygens is the cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif., manages the Cassini mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/image-details.cfm?imageID=948 Payload Fairing Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 0 Solid Rocket Motor (2 Places) Titan IVB Configuration - Cassini

7. http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/index.cfm Titan IVB – Cassini The Cassini - Huygens spacecraft is shown atop the Centaur upper stage at Launch Complex 40, Cape Canaveral Air Station, FL. One segment of the payload fairing has been installed and one segment removed. Cassini obtained Saturn orbit on July 1, 2004. Cassini will study the Saturnian system for four years. On January 14, 2005, the European Space Agency's Huygens Probe parachuted to the frozen surface of Saturn's moon Titan and successfully gathered information. Payload Fairing Huygens Probe Centaur Upper Stage Cassini High Gain Antenna

8. http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/image-details.cfm?imageID=770 The Cassini spacecraft and Huygens probe begin their seven-year journey to Saturn. The successful launch of Cassini aboard a Titan IVB/Centaur occurred October 15, 1997. The four towers helped protect the vehicle from lightning. Titan IVB Cassini Launch

9. http://www1.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/whycassini/cassinif-20071011.html Titan IVB Cassini Launch The launch of the Cassini - Huygens spacecraft on October 15, 1997 is photographed from a Florida beach.

10. Sources http://www.spaceflightnow.com/titan/b26/051016history.html No.DateSiteModelPayload 106/14/1989 SLC-41 CCAFS, FL Titan 4A/IUS DSP 14 - Defense System Program early warning satellite 206/08/1990 SLC-41 CCAFS, FL Titan 4A NOSS - Naval reconnaisance satellites 311/12/1990 SLC-41 CCAFS, FL Titan 4A/IUS DSP 15 - Defense System Program early warning spacecraft 403/08/1991 SLC-4E VAFB, CA Titan 4ALacrosse 2 - surveillance satellite 511/07/1991 SLC-4E VAFB, CA Titan 4A NOSS - Naval reconnaisance satellites 611/28/1992 SLC-4E VAFB, CA Titan 4AKeyhole - surveillance satellite 7*08/02/1993 SLC-4E VAFB, CA Titan 4A NOSS - Naval reconnaisance satellites 802/07/1994 SLC-40 CCAFS, FL Titan 4A/Centaur Milstar 1-1 - communications satellite * Indicates Titan failure Sheet 1 Titan IV Launch History http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/titan4.htm

11. Titan-4 Launch History Lockheed Martin Astronautics Operations in Denver, CO, is under contract to the US Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Los Angeles Air Force Base, CA, to complete the launch of 39 vehicles. The last Titan IVB rocket to be launched from CCAFS was off load from a C-5 Galaxy jet on 01 May 2003. As of that date, there were four [or five] remaining Titan IVB launches scheduled, three from Cape Canaveral and one from Vandenberg Air Force Base. The April 2003 Milstar launch was the 35th Titan IV to be launched, including 24 from the Cape and 11 from Vandenberg. The Defense Support Program Flight-22 payload will be the last to fly on a Titan IVB rocket from Cape Canaveral in 2003. This Titan IVB will transport this payload. Titan 4 launches from Cape Canaveral Sources http://www.spaceflightnow.com/titan/b26/051016history.html No.DateSiteModelPayload 905/03/1994 SLC-41 CCAFS, FL Titan 4A/CentaurTrumpet - NRO/USAF satellite 1008/27/1994 SLC-41 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4A/CentaurMercury - USAF satellite 1112/22/1994 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4A/IUS DSP 17 - Defense System Program early warning satellite 1205/14/1995 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4A/Centaur Advanced Orion - NRO/CIA satellite 1307/10/1995 SLC-41 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4A/CentaurTrumpet - NRO/USAF satellite 1411/06/1995 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4A/Centaur Milstar 1-2 - communications satellite 1512/05/1995 SLC-4E VAFB, Calif. Titan 4AKeyhole - surveillance satellite 1604/24/1996 SLC-41 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4A/CentaurMercury - NRO/USAF satellite Sheet 2 Titan IV Launch History http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/titan4.htm

12. Titan-4 Launch History Lockheed Martin Astronautics Operations in Denver, CO, is under contract to the US Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Los Angeles Air Force Base, CA, to complete the launch of 39 vehicles. The last Titan IVB rocket to be launched from CCAFS was off load from a C-5 Galaxy jet on 01 May 2003. As of that date, there were four [or five] remaining Titan IVB launches scheduled, three from Cape Canaveral and one from Vandenberg Air Force Base. The April 2003 Milstar launch was the 35th Titan IV to be launched, including 24 from the Cape and 11 from Vandenberg. The Defense Support Program Flight-22 payload will be the last to fly on a Titan IVB rocket from Cape Canaveral in 2003. This Titan IVB will transport this payload. Titan 4 launches from Cape Canaveral Sources http://www.spaceflightnow.com/titan/b26/051016history.html No.DateSiteModelPayload 1705/12/1996 SLC-4E VAFB, Calif. Titan 4A NOSS - communications, reconnaisance and technology satellites 1807/02/1996 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4A SDS-2 - NRO/USAF communications satellite 1912/20/1996 SLC-4E VAFB, Calif. Titan 4AKeyhole - surveillance satellite 2002/23/1997 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4B/IUS DSP 18 - Defense System Program early warning satellite 2110/15/1997 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4B/Centaur Cassini - NASA/ESA Saturn exploration satellite 2210/23/1997 SLC-4E VAFB, Calif. Titan 4ALacrosse 3 - surveillance satellite 2311/07/1997 SLC-41 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4A/CentaurTrumpet - NRO/USAF satellite 2405/08/1998 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4B/Centaur Advanced Orion - NRO/CIA satellite Sheet 3 Titan IV Launch History http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/titan4.htm

13. Titan 4 launches from Cape Canaveral Sources http://www.spaceflightnow.com/titan/b26/051016history.html No.DateSiteModelPayload 25*08/12/1998 SLC-41 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4A/CentaurMercury - USAF satellite 26~04/09/1999 SLC-41 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4B/IUS DSP 19 - Defense System Program early warning satellite 27~04/30/1999 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4B/Centaur Milstar 2-1 - communications satellite 2805/22/1999 SLC-4E VAFB, Calif. Titan 4BEIS 1 - reconnaissance satellite 2905/08/2000 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4B/IUS DSP 20 - Defense System Program early warning satellite 3008/17/2000 SLC-4E VAFB, Calif. Titan 4BLacrosse 4 - surveillance satellite 3102/27/2001 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4B/Centaur Milstar 2-2 - communications satellite *Indicates Titan failure ~Indicates upper stage failure Sheet 4 Titan IV Launch History http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/titan4.htm

14. Titan-4 Launch History Lockheed Martin Astronautics Operations in Denver, CO, is under contract to the US Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Los Angeles Air Force Base, CA, to complete the launch of 39 vehicles. The last Titan IVB rocket to be launched from CCAFS was off load from a C-5 Galaxy jet on 01 May 2003. As of that date, there were four [or five] remaining Titan IVB launches scheduled, three from Cape Canaveral and one from Vandenberg Air Force Base. The April 2003 Milstar launch was the 35th Titan IV to be launched, including 24 from the Cape and 11 from Vandenberg. The Defense Support Program Flight-22 payload will be the last to fly on a Titan IVB rocket from Cape Canaveral in 2003. This Titan IVB will transport this payload. Titan 4 launches from Cape Canaveral Sources http://www.spaceflightnow.com/titan/b26/051016history.html No.DateSiteModelPayload 3208/06/2001 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4B/IUS DSP 21 - Defense System Program early warning satellite 3310/05/2001 SLC-4E VAFB, Calif. Titan 4BKeyhole - surveillance satellite 3401/15/2002 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4B/Centaur Milstar 2-3 - communications satellite 3504/08/2003 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4B/Centaur Milstar 2-4 - communications satellite 3609/09/2003 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4B/Centaur Advanced Orion - NRO/CIA satellite 3702/14/2004 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4B/IUS DSP 22 - Defense System Program early warning satellite 3804/29/2005 SLC-40 CCAFS, Fla. Titan 4BLacrosse 5 - surveillance satellite 3910/19/2005 SLC-4E VAFB, Calif. Titan 4BNRO satellite Sheet 5 Titan IV Launch History http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/titan4.htm http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/sfn_051020_titan4_finalflight.html

15. Titan IV Heritage Titan I Titan II Gemini Titan 34B Titan IIIC Titan IIIC – Titan IIIC - Titan Agena MOL Centaur http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Titan_Missile_Family.png

16. Titan IV Heritage The Titan 34D was developed to accommodate larger military spacecraft during the transition to the new Space Shuttle in the 1980s. The Air Force was awarded funding to develop the complementary expendable launch vehicle as a back- up for the Space Shuttle. The Titan 34D-7 design won the contract and later was named the Titan IV. The Titan 34D launch vehicle lifts off from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL on November 28, 1987. A classified payload was successfully placed into orbit. Courtesy of Martin Marietta

17. Reference Information Text: First Operational Delta IV Heavy, Craig Covault, Aviation Week and Space Technology, Volume 167, page 28, November 19, 2007 - covers the first launch of the Delta IV - Heavy with an operational satellite. Titan IV Propulsion Systems, Aerojet TechSystems, January 1988 - provides concise technical information about the Titan IVA propulsion systems. Text and Images: http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/image-details.cfm?imageID=948 http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/index.cfm http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/image-details.cfm?imageID=770 http://www1.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/whycassini/cassinif-20071011.html http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Titan_Missile_Family.png Text only: http://www.spaceflightnow.com/titan/b26/051016history.html http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/titan4.htm http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/sfn_051020_titan4_finalflight.html http://www.spaceflightnow.com/titan/b26/051016titan4b.html http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/launch/titan.htm http://www.space-travel.com/reports/ATK_Gives_Titan_4_A_Boost.html End

18. Titan IV As a result of the January 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger accident, the Department of Defense embarked on a recovery plan to launch large military satellites. Martin Marietta, located in Denver, CO, was selected to develop the complementary expendable launch vehicle called the Titan IV. The Titan IV was the nation's largest expendable launch vehicle from 1989 through 2005 providing access to space for the United States’ largest payloads. Overall length was up to 204 feet with a maximum overall weight of approximately 1,900,000 pounds. The Titan IV was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL and Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA. In 1989, a follow-on procurement to the original Titan IVA space lift vehicle resulted in the Titan IVB. The upgraded rocket incorporated significant technology. The Titan IVB was capable of placing 47,800 pounds into low-Earth orbit or more than 12,700 pounds into geosynchronous orbit 22,300 miles above the Earth. The Titan IVB consisted of two solid-propellant stage motors, a liquid propellant two-stage core and a 16.7 ft diameter payload fairing. Upgraded three-segment solid rocket motors increased the vehicle's payload capability by approximately 25% over the Titan IVA. The stage 1 and 2 core rocket engines burned nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) oxidizer with unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH) fuel. The Titan IV has been replaced by the evolved expendable launch vehicle Delta IV-Heavy and the Atlas V-Heavy supplied by the United Launch Alliance (ULA). The first operational Delta IV- Heavy rocket was launched on November 10, 2007 from Cape Canaveral, FL carrying the final Defense Support Program missile warning satellite for the U.S. Air Force.

19. Titan IVA Configuration Titan IVA launch vehicles consisted of three basic elements: liquid rocket cores, solid rocket motors and upper stages. The 10 ft diameter liquid rocket core, together with the solid rocket motors, served as the basic propulsion element for all Titan IVA vehicles. Stage 0, built by United Technologies Corporation, was comprised of two identical, segmented solid propellant rocket motors. The solid rocket motors (SRMs) were attached to the Stage I/Stage II core vehicle. Each SRM was 112.9 ft long, weighed 683,700 lbs and developed 1.5 million lbs of thrust. The SRM liquid injection thrust vector control (TVC) system provided control of the solids. The TVC injectant, nitrogen tetroxide, was carried in a tank mounted on the side of the motor and was pressure-fed into the nozzle exit section by gaseous nitrogen. Stage 1 consisted of an Aerojet LR87-AJ-11 liquid propellant rocket engine attached to an airframe that included the fuel and oxidizer tanks, inner tank structure, forward skirt and aft skirt. The rocket engine developed 548,000 lbs vacuum thrust. Thrust vector control was accomplished by gimbaling the engine to provide pitch, yaw, and roll corrections. Stage 2 used an Aerojet LR91-AJ-11 liquid propellant rocket engine attached to an airframe similar in construction to Stage I. The rocket engine delivered 105,000 lbs of thrust in vacuum. Thrust vector control was accomplished by gimbaling the chamber, but roll control was provided by ducting pump turbine exhaust through a swiveled nozzle to produce thrust. Centaur was a high-energy upper stage with multiple restart capability. Two thrust chamber assemblies provided a vacuum thrust of 33,100 lbs. The cryogenic propellants were liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. The payload fairing enclosed both the Centaur stage and payload, and provided environmental protection for the stage and spacecraft on the ground and in flight.

20. Titan IVA Final Assembly & Flight Sequence Final Assembly After shipping to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL, the rocket engines were installed in Stage 1 and 2 and the core vehicle was erected in the Vertical Integration Building (VIB). Moving on a special rail system to the Solid Motor Assembly Building (SMAB), the core vehicle was mated with the lower five Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) segments. The remaining two SRM segments, the upper stage, and payload were then mounted atop the assembled vehicles. Flight Sequence  A typical upper stage geosynchronous equatorial launch from Cape Canaveral began with Stage 0 ignition and liftoff. The two solids burned for about 131 seconds propelling the vehicle to an altitude of 187,000 ft in its arcing trajectory toward orbit.  Stage 1 ignited, followed by separation of the SRMs by explosive bolts, and then the solid- rocket staging motor fired.  The payload fairing was jettisoned at 232 seconds and 385,000 ft altitude. At 308 seconds Stage 2 fired and Stage 1 was jettisoned. By this time, the vehicle would have reached an altitude of 500,000 ft. About 549 seconds after launch, Stage 2 injected the spacecraft into mission orbit.  The Centaur upper stage and spacecraft were separated as a unit into a low-altitude parking orbit at an altitude of approximately 95 nautical miles.  The Centaur provided attitude stabilization while coasting until the desired equatorial crossing was achieved. The Centaur reoriented itself and then the engine burned placing the spacecraft in a transfer orbit. Coast-attitude stabilization was maintained for the 5 1/4 hours required to reach apogee.  The Centaur reoriented for injection into geosynchronous orbit, fired its upper stage, trimmed the final orbit, and separated the spacecraft for its mission.

21. Titan IVB Configuration Titan IVB consisted of a 10 ft diameter liquid propellant core of two stages with a pair of Solid Rocket Motor Upgrades (SRMUs) attached to the core to provide the initial stage of boost during liftoff. Stage 0, built by Alliant Techsystems, was comprised of two identical, segmented solid propellant rocket motors. The solid rocket motors (SRMs) were attached to the Stage I/Stage II core vehicle. Each SRM was 112 ft long and 10.5 ft in diameter and developed 1.5 million lbs of thrust. Pitch, yaw, and roll corrections were accomplished by gimbaling the engine. Stage 1 consisted of an Aerojet LR87-AJ-11A liquid propellant rocket engine attached to an airframe that included the fuel and oxidizer tanks, inner tank structure, forward skirt and aft skirt. The rocket engine developed 548,000 pounds vacuum thrust. Thrust vector control was produced by gimbaling the engine to provide pitch, yaw, and roll corrections. Stage 2 used an Aerojet LR91-AJ-11A liquid propellant rocket engine attached to an airframe similar in construction to the Stage I. The rocket engine delivered 105,000 lbs of thrust in vacuum. Thrust vector control was generated by gimbaling the chamber, but roll control was provided by ducting pump turbine exhaust through a swiveled nozzle to produce thrust. Centaur was a high-energy upper stage with multiple restart capability. Two thrust chamber assemblies provided a vacuum thrust of 33,100 lb. The cryogenic propellants were liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. The payload fairing enclosed both the Centaur stage and payload, and provided environmental protection for the stage and spacecraft on the ground and in flight.

22. Titan IV Heritage  The Titan family of launch vehicles was established in December 1955 when the Air Force awarded the Martin Company (today Lockheed Martin) a contract to build an Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) that would be more advanced than the Atlas. It became known as the Titan 1, the nation's first two-stage ICBM.  The Titan I rocket provided many structural and propulsion techniques that were later incorporated into the Titan II that became the first underground silo-based ICBM in 1964. Martin Company and Martin Marietta Corporation, located in Denver, CO, built more than 140 Titan ICBMs - the vanguard of America's nuclear deterrent force for 23 years.  NASA selected the Titan II as the launch vehicle for the Gemini manned space program in 1961, flying 12 missions that prepared the way to the first manned landing on the moon in 1969.  Deactivation of the Titan II ICBM system began in July 1982, and the last missile was taken from its silo at Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, on June 23, 1987.  The Titan II space launch vehicle evolved into the Titan III and Titan IIIC in the mid 1960s. Titan IIIs sent 82 military and civilian satellites into orbit between 1965 and 1982. Titan IIIC was intended by the Air Force to be modified for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program conducting reconnaissance from a space station. Titan IIIE rockets with Centaur upper stages carried Viking to Mars and Voyager missions into space.  The larger Titan IV expendable space launch vehicle was originally developed as a backup for the space shuttle in the 1980s and became a mainstay for heavy payloads. The Titan IVB represented significant improvements from the Titan IVA from which it evolved.