1. CELLULAR COMPONENTS & PROCESES
CELLS
CELLULAR COMPONENTS & PROCESES

2. MODERN CELL THEORY
The cell theory states 3 facts that scientist know about all cells.
1. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. (Keeps things alive)

3. 2. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. (Unicellular or Multicellular)

4. 3. All cells come from other cells.

5. There are two types of cells:
Prokaryotic- cells that DO NOT have a nucleus or other cell ORGANELLES
Eukaryotic- cells with a NUCLEUS & cell ORGANELLES
REMEMBER YOU ARE EUKARYOTIC!

7. Eukaryotic Cell (Animal Cell)

8. The parts of a cell that carry out a function (Jobs) are called cell ORGANELLES:
All cells have the following organelles:
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes (Make proteins)
DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid

9. ORGANELLES little “organs” of the cell
Organelles are present in BOTH plant cells and animal cells
Carry out cellular functions (jobs)
Break down materials
Repair
Storage

10. Eukariotic Organelles
Some organelles are only found in Eukaryotic Cells (plant and animal cells)
Don’t Forget—all cells have
DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm

11. Both Plant and Animal Cells
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuoles
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Centriole Cell Wall
Chloroplast

12. Nucleus cellular control center
Controls cellular activity
contains hereditary material (DNA in chromosomes)
self duplicating structure -divides when the cell divides

14. Nuclear membrane
surrounds nucleus allowing certain materials to enter and leave

15. Ribosomes sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

17. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
In charge of storage, synthesis, and transport of materials within the cell
Breaks down drugs
“HIGHWAY” for cell transport

19. Cytoplasm over 80 % water “HOLDS” cell organelles in place
site of most organelles and cellular chemical reactions

21. Vacuole
Two Types:
Storage vacuole--store and digest ingested (eaten) food or stores H2O
Contractile vacuole-pumps excess water from cells maintaining homeostasis

22. Plant Cells have very LARGE vacuoles to store A LOT of water

23. Lysosome digest bacteria and foods entering the cell
breakdown worn out cell organelles

25. Mitochondria "Powerhouse of the cell" “Mighty” mitochondria
carries on cellular respiration – how are cells use oxygen to make energy
Energy=ATP

26. Golgi apparatus (complex)
usually located near the nucleus
Packages waste & harmful materials to be sent out of the cell

27. Cell membrane The cell membrane is SEMI-PERMEABLE
(selectively permeable)
Only some things (selected things) can enter the cell

28. ANIMAL CELL ORGANELE ONLY
Centriole- looks like spaghetti
Helps animal cells divide

30. PLANT CELL ORGANELLES ONLY
Cell Wall- surrounds and supports the cell
Gives the plant cell structure & support
Chloroplasts- green in color- contain the green pigment chlorophyll which carries on photosynthesis
Uses the sun’s energy to make food for the plant

32. Movement inside the Cell
The cell is always exchanging “things” with what is outside
Objects such as glucose (sugar), water, salt and wastes need to move into or out of the cell
There are three types of movement

33. Types of movement in Cells
1.Passive transport - movement of substances through a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
No energy needed (ATP) –
From a crowded area to a less crowded area

34. Traveling through the cell membrane
Two types of Passive Transport (no ATP)
Diffusion and Osmosis
The goal of both is to reach EQUILIBRIUM within the cell
An equal amount inside and outside the cell (neither is crowded)

35. Diffusion
When molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

36. Osmosis
The movement of water through a membrane from a region of higher to lower concentration
Solute - substance being dissolved in a liquid (ex. salt)
Solvent - substance doing the dissolving (ex. water)
Semi-permeable membrane (selectively permeable)-allows some molecules to pass but not others

37. So, describe how “Kool-Aid”® is made with regard to the terms “solute” and “solvent”. What is the “universal solvent”?

38. Types of Movement
2.Active transport - movement of substances through a membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration –
requires energy (ATP)
going into a crowded area

39. Exocytosis- the movement of a substance out of the cell
Endocytosis- the movement of a substance into the cell

40. Phagocytosis- cytoplasm of cell surrounds and engulfs particle—
ex. White blood cell engulfs a bacteria (antigen) and kills it