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Published byBertina Banks Modified over 9 years ago
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Neurotransmitters are reduced Reaction time, talking, thinking, walking slows Varies markedly by individuals
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o Hypothalamus (memory) & Prefrontal cortex (processing, planning, coordinating thoughts) Shrink faster than other areas o Varies based on Education Good health Mental exercise
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Using both hemispheres of the brain becomes more likely
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Working memory o Temporary storage of information for conscious use o Reduced o Takes longer to perceive & process sensations o Inhibits multitasking o If older people can take their time and concentrate, working memory seems as good as ever Long-term memory o Emotional memories – endure E.g. “I was so happy!”
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Memory, retrieval strategies, selective attention & problem solving (logical analysis) o Become less effective o Priming of memories helps Recognition o At every age, recognition memory is better than recall Multiple choice vs. essay Priming o Presenting memory triggers (word, smell, song, etc.)
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Normal decline in verbal meaning, spatial orientation, inductive reasoning, numerical ability & word fluency Influenced by Health o Better predictor of cognition than age Influenced by training in cognitive skills o Training can improve any cognitive decline
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Organic brain damage or disease o Abnormal and pathological loss of brain functioning o Chronic, long lasting
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Causes deterioration of memory and personality Absentmindedness about recent events is the first stage Most common cause of dementia o Caused by plaques and tangles of proteins in the brain Many genes may be involved Stages: From confusion to death o Beginning Forgetful, personality changes Memory loss – eventually becomes dangerous Forgetting about a lighted stove (3 rd. Stage of Alzheimer) o Final stage Full-time care needed Identity and personality are lost
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Caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain Repeated infarcts (Obstructions of blood vessels in the brain) Causes strokes
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Frontal lobe dementia o Personality changes o Deterioration of frontal lobes & amygdala o Pick disease is the most common form People are disinhibited, impulsive, emotionally indifferent Parkinson disease o Does not always lead to dementia Lewy body dementia o Caused by deposits of protein (Lewy bodies) in the neuron o Motor movements and cognition effected o Main symptom is loss of inhibition
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Regular exercise Avoid pathogens causing dementia o Mad cow disease o AIDS o Syphilis Syphilitic insanity
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Depression = Most common reversible cause of dementia related symptoms Lack of nutrients (Malnourished) o As bodies age they become less efficient at digesting food and using its nutrients Poly-pharmacy o Drug side effects, interactions, and overmedication all can cause dementia symptoms Alcohol use
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Erikson o Integrity vs. despair Older people gain interest in the arts, children Maslow o Self-actualization Creative, philosophical & spiritual understanding Life review o Examination of your life o Putting your life into perspective o Sharing your life with recorded, written and verbal stories
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