1. Ironmaking in the Blast Furnace Plant
Bell Less Top
Sinter
Coke
Gas Cleaning
Hot Blast Stoves
Stock House
Gasholder
Scrubber
Stockhouse: screening and weighing of burden materials
Bell less top: proper distribution of burden materials in the furnace
Gas cleaning: cleaning of bf-topgas in two steps: 1. dry dust catcher for coarse particles
2. Wet scrubber for final cleaning
Gasholder: big vessel to buffer flow and pressure fluctuations
Hot blast stoves: regenerative heat exchanger for heating of hot blast
Hot Metal: liquid hot iron
Slag: liquid byproducts (CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO)
Blower: generates compressed air
Enrichment Gas
Slag, Hot Metal
Combustion Air
Blower
Combustion Gas

2. Blast Furnace Top Gas Mains Top Bins Throat Armour Above Burden Probe
Temperature Probe
Refractory Lining
Sub Burden Probe
Burden probes: temperature and gas probes to control the distribution of the burden materials
Throat armour: high resistant metal plates to protect the refractories from dropping burden materials
Bustle main: ring pipe for hot blast
Tuyeres: water cooled nozzles for hot blast injection
Hearth refractories: temperature resistant materials (mainly carbon)
Bustle Main
Tuyeres
Hearth Refractories

3. Hot Blast Stove Combustion Chamber Chequers
Chequers: refractory bricks to store thermal energy

4. Installation of Chequers

5. Cast House
Cast house and runner system: refractory lined runners to separate liquid iron and slag

6. Iron Production COKE OVEN PLANT SINTER PLANT BLAST FURNACE
Coking Coal and iron ore are the basic raw materials for the production of pig iron, which will further be refined to steel in the steel works.
In the coke oven plant coal is processed to coke. Coke is essential in the lower part of the blast furnace to maintain the gas permeability. Due to the high weight load of the burden column simple coal would break into small particles and block the gas stream. As a byproduct of the coking process coke oven gas mainly consisting of hydrogen and methane is generated, which is used mainly for generation of electric power in a thermal power plant.
Most of the iron ores and additves are traded as fines and need some pretreatment before being processed in the blast furnace.
This preprocess is called sintering, where, by means of heat (approx. 1300°C) the fines are somehow baked to particles of between 20 and 50 mm mean diameter. These particles, called sinter, are also permeable for the reduction gases.
In the blast furnace the reduction of the iron ores (Fe2O3) to metallic iron and the melting of the iron and by products take place. Both, reduction and melting need high temperature, which is generated by combustion of coke using hot blast, blown in via tuyeres located around the furnace.
The reduction gas leaving the furnace is called top gas and after a cleaning process used to preheat the air in the hot blast stoves.
Hot metal and slag are further tapped from the hearth of the blast furnace, by drilling a so called tap hole, which will be closed after aproximately one to one and a half hours again.
The separation of hot metal and slag takes place in a so called pool runner outside the furnace, using the density difference.
Iron Production
COKE OVEN PLANT
SINTER PLANT
BLAST FURNACE

7. Words