1. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 ARGOS 3 – THE NEXT GENERATION Bill Woodward – SAI

2. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 TODAY’S PRESENTATION ► SYSTEM FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES ► HOW THEY CAN BE APPLIED - Examples ► LAUNCH SCHEDULE & PLANNED CONSTELLATION ► FUTURE (ARGOS 4)

3. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 200555% Argos provides communications for all systems with the

4. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 TODAY’S ARGOS SPACE SEGMENT NOAA 12 (1991) NOAA 14 (1994) NOAA 15 NOAA 16 NOAA 17 NOAA 18 (2005 ) ARGOS 1 ARGOS 2 METOP A (April 2006) ARGOS 3 ( 1998)(2000)(2002)

5. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 ARGOS SYSTEM EVOLUTION  RANDOM ACCESS SYSTEM: ARGOS 1 & 2  No Ground to Sky Protocol  Improve Good Receipt by repeat transmissions (same msg sent multiple times)  DIFFERENT WITH ARGOS 3  Error-free msg Receipt is acknowledged  Repeat Transmissions are minimized/eliminated  RESULT = MORE MSGS (DATA per PASS)  Order of Magnitude Higher Data Rate: 4,800 bits/sec

6. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 400 bits per second 4 channels -128 dBm 20 kHz receiver bandwidth 400 bits per second 8 channels -131 dBm 80 kHz receiver bandwidth 400 & 4800 bits per second 12 channels -137 dBm 110 kHz receiver bandwidth 2- way communication SYSTEM GENERATIONS ARGOS 1 ARGOS 2 ARGOS 3

7. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 ARGOS 3 FEATURES ♥ HIGH DATA (HD) RATE CHANNEL - 4,800 BITS/SEC ♥ TWO-WAY CAPABILITY –Send Msgs and ACK ♥ HIGHER RCVR SENSITIVITY – MINUS 137dBm ♥ WIDER SPECTRUM: +30 KHz FOR HIGH DATA RATE ♥ 12 PROCESSING UNITS ♥ NEW TRANSMITTER MODULATION

8. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 The ARGOS-3 System UPLINK : 3 transmission protocols @ 401 MHz –Standard : 400 bps, basic Argos Service STD Argos-1, 2 and 3 –High Sensitivity : 400 bps, very low power NG additional 5 dB margin –High Data Rate : 4.8 kbps, 5 Watt HD up to 50 kbits per pass

9. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 DOWNLINK : transmit messages @ 466 MHz of variable length (~ 200 bits max) to the Platforms fitted with appropriate receivers The ARGOS-3 System

10. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 ARGOS-3 Data Coding Pure carrier User data 160 ms 82 ms 32 to 256 bits 82 ms 512 to 4608 bits 0 to 256 bits Preamble + address 56 bits 68 bits

11. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 The ARGOS-3 Receiving Spectrum 80 kHz30 kHz 24 kHz 401.610 MHz401.690 MHz 401.580 MHz 401.638 MHz401.662 MHz

12. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 Data amount per pass (10 min) Data Rate (bps) Argos-2 STDArgos-3 HD 400 4800 256 bits x 2 = 0.5 kbit 4608 bits x 11 = 50 kbits with ACK 2 useful bursts per pass > 11 useful bursts per pass * The ARGOS-3 Performance * for a repetition period = 50 seconds

13. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 Beacon equipped with a receiver = PMT (466 MHz, 400 bps, half or full duplex)Beacon equipped with a receiver = PMT (466 MHz, 400 bps, half or full duplex) Main functionalities :Main functionalities : –Acknowledgement of uplink messages –Transmission of user defined PMT instructions (can selectively address one or more PMT’s ) –« Allcast » msgs (Time broadcasting, orbital parameters….) –Transmission of pre-defined msgs (On, off, PMT location….) The ARGOS-3 Downlink

14. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 NEW LINK BETWEEN SENSORS & USERS NEW LINK BETWEEN SENSORS & USERS PLATFORM MESSAGING TRANSCEIVER UPLINK MESSAGES w/SELECTED MODULATION - UPLINK MESSAGES w/SELECTED MODULATION - RECEIVE DOWNLINK MESSAGES - COMMUNICATE w/PLATFORM; DELIVER ACK NEW ARGOS PERFORMANCE TO USERS NEW ARGOS PERFORMANCE TO USERS The ARGOS-3 PMT

15. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005  FIRST GENERATION PMT “MODULAR” “MODULAR”  SECOND GENERATION PMT “SINGLE BOARD” CLS PMT PROJECT: 2 MAIN TARGETS

16. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 80 FIRST GEN UNITS: PMT A2/HD – to be built by Seimac, Ltd “ALMOST” EXACT COPIES OF PROTOTYPES BUILT BY BATHY SYSTEMS - Modular “ALMOST” EXACT COPIES OF PROTOTYPES BUILT BY BATHY SYSTEMS - Modular IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDE: IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDE: New Digital Xmtr for both BPSK & GMSK New Packaging - smaller size New Packaging - smaller size FIRST 10 UNITS TO BE DELIVERED – DEC. ‘05 FIRST 10 UNITS TO BE DELIVERED – DEC. ‘05

17. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 SECOND GENERATION PMT CORRESPOND FUNCTIONALLY TO DEMO UNITS BUT DESIGNED FROM “SCRATCH” SINGLE BOARD REDUCES SIZE, COST, COMPLEXITY AND POWER CONSUMPTION SINGLE BOARD REDUCES SIZE, COST, COMPLEXITY AND POWER CONSUMPTION BENEFIT FROM EXISTING KNOWLEDGE & EXPERIENCE OF COSPAS/SARSAT MANUFACTURERS

18. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 THREE PRINCIPAL REQUIREMENTS  Transmit More Data Faster  Shorter Surface Time  Survive Longer/Use Less Power CASE STUDY - ARGO

19. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 DATA THROUGHPUT POSSIBLE  Orig. Spec: 800samples(38kBits) Argos 3 HD w/d’link (1pass) U.S.Spec.”: 554samples(27kBits) Argos 3HD (1 pass)  “U.S.Spec.”: 554samples(27kBits) Argos 3 HD (1 pass)  Alt. Spec.: 80samples(3.8kBits) Argos 3  Alt. Spec.: 80samples(3.8kBits) Argos 3 (1 message) CASE STUDY - ARGO

20. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 APPLYING ARGOS 3 FEATURES  PROFILING FLOAT ► Surface Time Decrease: 10+ Hours 10 minutes ► Float Lifetime Extended: Xmit Only During Sat. Pass and use Lower Power XMTR ► Send Complete 70 Level Profile in One Argos Message! ► Send 800 Level Profile in One Satellite Pass! ► Adaptive control using 2-way CASE STUDY - ARGO

21. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 EXAMPLE – APEX (Webb Research) Current “Typical” Transmission Strategy using Argos 2 Current “Typical” Transmission Strategy using Argos 2  5 Data Triplets (P,T,S) = 240 Bits  15 Msgs are Req’d to Code a Profile of 75 Levels: (3.7 kbits)  Each Msg is Sent 5+ Times at a 45-60 sec. Rep. Rate  Required Surface Time is 10+ Hours CASE STUDY - ARGO

22. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 HD +ACK APPLY ARGOS 3 HD +ACK STRATEGY  Xmit Only When Satellite is in View – Rendezvous  Xmit using High Data Rate with Acknowledgement Signal CASE STUDY - ARGO

23. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 EXAMPLE 1 – APEX FLOAT SEND 75 LEVEL PROFILE IN A SINGLE MSG SEND 75 LEVEL PROFILE IN A SINGLE MSG  75 Data Triplets (P,T,S) = 3,600 Bits  Only 1 Msg is Req’d to Code a Profile of 75 Levels  Msg is Sent until ACK is Received  Can use a 60 sec. Rep. Rate, and send 10 msgs in a 10 min Sat Pass CASE STUDY - ARGO

24. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 EXAMPLE 2 – APEX FLOAT SEND 800 LEVEL PROFILE IN ONE PASS SEND 800 LEVEL PROFILE IN ONE PASS  100 Data Triplets (P,T,S) = 4,800 Bits  8 Msgs are Req’d to Code a Profile of 800 Levels  Each Msg is Sent until ACK is Received  Can use a 50 sec. (or less) Rep. Rate, and send 11 msgs in a 10 min Sat Pass CASE STUDY - ARGO

25. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 Argos2Argos2 + 2- w a y Argos3Argos3 + 2-way+ 2-way KbitsperSatPass 80 points 554 points 800 points 38 27 1 2 ARGOS DATA TRANSFER FOR ARGO ONE ARGOS 3 MSG

26. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 APPLYING THE NEW FEATURES  DRIFTER ► Drifter Lifetime Extended XMIT only when triggered XMIT only when triggered XMIT only when satellite is overhead XMIT only when satellite is overhead ► Send More/Different Data ► Lower Power XMTR – Shift Frequency

27. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 POSSIBLE CNES MICROSAT MEGA-TROPIQUE –EQUATORIAL ORBIT LAUNCH SCHEDULE

28. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 The future : ARGOS-4 FOR STANDARD BEACONS : - Continuity of mission to be ensured : use of current modulations (standard and new generation). - Improvement of the capacity by increasing the band (today 80 kHz → 2 MHz useable in the 401-403 MHz band) and/or the number of processing units. - Improvement of techno, of DSP processing power. FOR HIGH DATA RATE BEACONS : - Bit rate up to 10 or 20 kbits/s with same EIRP = 5 Watt (use of last modulation and coding techniques : treillis coded modulation or turbo coding for instance) - Capacity enhancement by use of spread spectrum techniques for instance

29. DBCP 21 Buenos Aires Argos 3 October 2005 Improvement of the Downlink : Currently, the downlink is limited to one single frequency @ 465.9875 MHz and a bit rate = 400 bps. For Argos-4, due to the uplink capacity improvement and the need of more acknowledgements, the downlink will certainly need to be improved: - by adding other frequency channels - by increasing the data bit rate - by using new modulation and coding techniques The future : ARGOS-4