2. Medical Terminology of
Gastrointestinal

3. Definition
gastrointestinal (GI) system, consists of a digestive tube called the GI tract or alimentary canal, and several accessory organs whose primary function is to break down food, prepare it for absorption, and eliminate waste.

5. Areas of the abdomen RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ
Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left upper qudrant (LUQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
RUQ LUQ
RLQ LLQ

6. Teeth palate Dent/o, Odont/o, Dent/i Gloss/o, Lingu/o, Cheil/o, labi/o
Medical term
Organ
Meaning
Example
Stomat/o ,or/o
Mouth
دهان
stomatitis
Dent/o, Odont/o,
Dent/i
Teeth
دندان
Dentist
Orthodontist
Gloss/o, Lingu/o,
Tongue
زبان
glossectomy
Cheil/o, labi/o
Lips لب
cheiloplasty
labial
Gingiv/o, Ul/o
Gums
لثه
gingivectomy
Palat/o, Uran/o
palate
کام دهان
palatognathus
Esophag/o
Esophagus
مری
esophgectasia
Gastr/o
Stomach
معده
gastralgia

7. Medical term
Organ
Meaning
Example
Enter/o
Small intestine
روده کوچک
enterclosis
Duoden/o
Duodenum
دوازدهه، دئودنوم
Jejun/o
Jejunum
ژژنوم
ile/o
ileum
ایلئوم
Ileum
Col/o
,Colon/o
Large intestine(intestinum crassum,colon)
روده بزرگ
colalgia
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
کولون زیگموئید
sigmoiditis
Cec/o,typh/o
Cecum(caecum)
روده کور
cecal

8. Cavities Hepat/o, Hepatic/o Liver Cholecyst/o Gallbladder Pancreat/o
medical term
Organ
Meaning
Example
Rect/o
Rectum
راست روده
rectocele
An/o
Anus
مفعد
perianal
Proct/o
Anus and rectum
proctologist
Hepat/o, Hepatic/o
Liver
کبد
Hepatocolic
hepatomegaly
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
کیسه صفرا
cholecystectasia
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
پانکراس
pancreatectomy
Or/o
Oral cavity
حفره دهان
oral
Abdomin/o,lapar/o. celi/o
abdomen
شکم
Abdominoplasty
Laparoscopy
celioma
Accessory organs
Cavities

9. Prefixes & suffixes Medical term Definition Meaning Example -emesis
vomit
استفراغ کردن
hyperemesis
-iasis
abnormal condition
حالت بیماری
cholelithiasis
-megaly
enlargement
بزرگی
hepatomegaly
-orexia
appetite
اشتها
anorexia
-pepsia
digestion
هضم ، گوارش
dyspepsia
-phagia
swallowing, eating
بلعیدن
aerophagia
-prandial
meal
وعده غذایی
postprandial
-rrhea
discharge, flow
ترشح فراوان
steatorrhea

10. Prefixes & suffixes Medical term Definition Meaning Example dia-
through, across
از طریق
diarrhea
peri-
around
اطراف
perisigmoiditis
sub-
under, below
زیر
sublingual a
abscence of/without
بدون
asymptomatic en
inside/within
درون
endo
endoscope
epi
upon/above
بالا
epicutaneous
Megal/o
large
بزرگ
megalopsia

11. Prefixes & suffixes Medical term Definition Meaning Example para
beside
کنار،مجاور
Paraappendictis
emia
(condition of) blood
خونی
anemia
algia
(condition of) pain
درد
otalgia
gram
picture/chart
نمودار
radiogram
graph
machine that records/traces
دستگاه ثبت
radiograph
graphy
procedure of recording/tracing
عمل ثبت
electrocardiography
lith
Stone
سنگ
lithotripsy
lithiasis
abnormal condition of stones
سنگ غیر طبیعی
Colelithiasis

12. Prefixes & suffixes Medical term Definition Meaning Example logist
specialist who studies
متخصص
proctologist
oma
tumour/swelling
تومور
celioma
toxic
pertaining to poisoning
سمی
uria
condition of urine
ادراری
chole
bile
صفرا
Colelithiasis

13. Stomat/o = Mouth
Stoma = mouth Stomat/itis: Inflammation of the mouth Stomat/o/plasty: Surgical repair of the mouth

14. Stomatitis

15. Stomat/o/scopey: the process of examining with stomatoscope
Stomat/o/malacia:softening of the structures of the mouth
Stomat/o/pathy:
any disease of the mouth

16. Stomatalgia:pain in the mouth
Stomat/o/rrhagia:hemorrhage of the mouth
Stomat/o/mycosis:condition of mouth fungus

17. Or/o=mouth
Oral: pertaining to the mouth or/o/pharyngeal :pertaining to the lower pharynx

18. Gloss/o = Tongue
Gloss/itis: Inflammation of the tongue Gloss/ectomy: Excision of the tongue Gloss/algia: Pain in the tongue

19. Gloss/al: Pertaining to the tongue Gloss/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the tongue Gloss/o/scopy: Examination of the tongue

20. Gloss/o/plegia (n.): Paralysis of the tongue Ankyl/o/glossia:tongue- tied,extensive adhesion of the tongue to the palate Hypoglossal:under the tongue

21. Gloss/o/trichia:
hairy tongue
Gloss/o/palatinus
Gloss/o/pharyngeal
Gloss/o/rrhaphy:suture of the tongue

22. Lingu/o = Tongue
Lingu/al (adj.): Pertaining to the tongue Sub/lingu/al or Hypo/gloss/al : Under the tongue

23. Cheil/o = Lips
Cheil/itis: Inflammation of the lips Cheil/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the lips Cheil/o/tomy: Incision of the lips

24. Cheil/osis: Condition or disorder of the lips Cheil/o/stomat/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the lips and mouth

25. Labi/o=lip
Labi/o/graph:an instrument for recording lip motion in speaking Labi/o/mental:pertaining to the lip and chain

26. Gingiv/o = Gums
Gingiv/al: Pertaining to the gums Gingiv/itis: Inflammation of the gums Gingiv/algia: Gum pain

27. Gingiv/ectomy: Excision of gum tissue Gingiv/o/gloss/itis: Inflammation of the gums and tongue Lingu/o/gingiv/al (adj.):of tongue and gums

28. Ul/o=gum
Ul/o/rrhagia:bleeding of the gums Ul/o/tomy:incision of the gums Ul/o/carcinoma:carcinoma of the gums

29. Dent/o,Odont/o,Dent/i=Tooth
Dent/o/facial:pertaining to the teeth and face Orthodontics:branch of dentistry concerned with correcting tooth irregularities Dent/i/frice:paste and powder for cleaning tooth

30. Palat/o,uran/o=palate
Uran/o/rrhaphy: suture of the palate Uran/o/schisis: cleft palatea Palat/o /plasty: plastic reconstruction of the palate Palat/o/plegia: paralysis of the palate

31. Gnath/o=jaw
Gnath/o/plasty:plastic surgery of jaw Gnathitis : inflammation of the jaw Gnathalgia : pain in the jaw

32. sial/o=saliva,salivary glands
Sial/o/graphy:a technique for x-ray examination of the salivary glands
Sial/o/lith:a stone in a salivary gland or duct
sial/o/angiitis: inflammation of salivary gland

33. Salivary glands
Sublingual salivary gland Submandibular salivary gland Parotid gland

34. Esophag/o = Esophagus
Eso- = Toward Phag/o = Swallow Esophag/eal (adj.): Pertaining to esophagus Esophag/o/sten/osis: Narrowing of the esophagus

35. Gastr/o = Stomach Gastr/o/rrhagia: Stomach hemorrhage
Gastr/itis: Inflammation of the stomach
Gastr/ic: Pertaining to the stomach
Gastr/ectasia: Dilatation (stretching) of the stomach
-ectasia = stretching or dilatation

36. Gastr/o/lavage: washing out stomach Gastr/o/gavage: forced feeding into stomach Gastric ulcer: ulcer located in the stomach

37. Gastr/o/enter/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the stomach and small intestine Gastr/o/enter/o/logy: Specialty that studies diseases of the stomach and intestine

38. Enter/o = Small intestine, Intestine
Enter/ic: Pertaining to intestine Enter/itis: Inflammation of the intestine Dys/enter/y: Disorder of the intestine characterized by inflammation, pain, and diarrhea

39. Enter/o = Small intestine, Intestine
Enter/o/clysis: Washing or irrigation of the small intestine Enter/o/plegia: Paralysis of the small intestine Enter/ectasia: Dilatation of the small intestine Enter/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the small intestine

40. Gastr/o/enter/ic: Pertaining to the stomach and small intestine Enter/o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage of the small intestine Enter/o/cele: Intestinal hernia

41. Enter/o/centesis: Surgical puncture of the small intestine Enter/o/scope: Instrument to examine the small intestine small enteralgia:pain in the intestine

42. Cec/o, typh/o= cecum
Cec/o/cele:a hernia containing part of the cecum Cec/o/rrhaphy:suture of the cecum Typhectasis:dilation of the cecum

43. Col/o = Colon (Large intestine)
Col/ic or colonic: Pertaining to the colon Col/o/centesis: Surgical puncture of the colon Col/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of the colon Col/ostomy: Making a new opening into the colon

44. Col/o/tomy:a surgical incision into the colon Col/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the colon Colon/o/scopy:visual examination of the colon

45. Colitis: inflammation of the colon
Col/o/clyster: an enema injected into the colon through the rectum
-clyster: the old-fashioned term for an enema
Ulcerative colitis:choronic inflammation of the colon along with ulceration

46. -clysis = Washing or Irrigation
Washing/irrigation of:
Colon
Stomach
Small intestine
Rectum
Anus and Rectum
Col/o/clysis
Gastr/o/clysis
Enter/o/clysis
Rect/o/clysis
Proct/o/clysis

47. Sigmoid/o = Sigmoid colon
Sigmoid/o/scope: An instrument used to examine the sigmoid colon Sigmoid/o/scopy: The procedure of examining the sigmoid colon with sigmoidscope.

48. Rect/o = Rectum
Rect/al: Pertaining to the rectum Rect/o/cele: Hernia of the rectum Rect/o/scope: Instrument for examining the rectum

49. Rect/o = Rectum
Rect/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the rectum Rect/o/rrhaphy: Suturing (stitching) of the rectum Rect/o/urethr/al: Pertaining to the rectum and urethra Rect/o/cyst/o/tomy: Incision of the bladder through the rectum

50. Proct/o = Anus and Rectum
Proct/o/logist: One who is specialist in diseases of the anus and rectum Proct/o/logy: The study of diseases of the anus and rectum Proct/o/plegia: Paralysis of the anus and rectum Proct/o/scope: Instrument used to examine rectum and anus

51. Proct/o/scopy: Examination of rectum and anus with a proctoscope Proct/o/rrhaphy: Suturing of the rectum and anus Proct/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of the rectum and anus

52. Lapar/o=Abdomen
Lapar/o/scope: an instrument used to examine the abdominal wall Laparectomy:surgical removal of parts of the abdominal wall Lapar/o/tomy: incision through any part of the abdominal wall

53. Peritone/o=peritoneum
Peritonitis:inflamation of the peritoneum
Peritone/o/tomy:incision into the peritoneum
Peritone/o/scopy:visual examination of the organs of the abdominal cavity with endoscope
Ascites:accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

54. Copr/o,sterc/o,scat/o=feces
Copr/o/lith:a mass of hard faeces Copr/o/phobia:abnormal fear of feces Sterc/o/lith:!!! Sterc/o/roma:a tumor-like mass of fecal matter in the rectum Scat/o/scopy:examination of the feces

55. Pathology of GI system Anorexia: lack of appetite
Aphagia: inability to swallow
Dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing
phag/o:eat or swallow

56. Pathology of GI system
Jaundice / Icterus : yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera,and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood Ascites: Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen; can be a symptom of neoplasm or inflammatory disorders in the abdomen, venous hypertension caused by liver disease and heart failure

57. Pathology of GI system
Melena: Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood. This symptom usually reflects a condition in which blood has had time to be digested and results from bleeding in the upper GI tract Ileus: Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines; mechanical or paralytic Intussusception: Telescoping of intestines; one segment of bowel collapses into the opening of another segment; intestinal obstruction with pain and vomiting can occur

58. Pathology of GI system
Dyspepsia:indigestion
Hemat/o/chezia:red blood in stool
Hematemesis :vomiting blood
-emesis:vomiting
Stet/o/rrhea:feces containing fat

59. Pathology of GI system Constipation: Difficulty in passing stools
Diarrhea:Frequent passage of loose, watery stools
Nausea:feeling of sick in stomach

60. Hepat/o,Hepatic/o,Hepa= Liver
Hepar = Liver Hepat/ic: Pertaining to the liver Hepat/o/megaly: Enlargement of the liver Hepat/o/scopy: Inspection of the liver

61. Hepat/o,Hepatic/o,Hepa = Liver
Hepat/o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage of the liver Hepat/o/rrhaphy: Suture of a wound of the liver Hepat/o/cele: Hernia of the liver

62. Hepat/o/lith: Stone in the liver Hepatalgia: Pain in the liver Hepat/o/ma: The tumor of the liver

63. Pancreat/o = Pancreas
Pancreat/ic: Pertaining to the pancreas Pancreat/o/lysis: Destruction of pancreatic tissue Pancreat/o/lith: a stone or calculus in the pancreas Pancreat/o/pathy: Any pancreatic disease

64. Pancreat/ectomy: Excision of part or all of the pancreas Pancreat/o/tomy: Incision into the pancreas Pancreat/itis: Inflammation of the pancreas

65. Chol/e/cyst = Gallbladder
Chol/e/cyst/o/gram (or chol/e/cyst/o/graph): an x-ray of the gallbladder (or x-ray machine) Chol/e/cyst/itis: Inflammation of the gallbladder Chol/e/cyst/ectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder

66. Cholangi/o,Choledoch/o = BileDuct
ERCP = Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangi/o/pancreat/o/graphy:
Radiographic examination of common bile duct and pancreatic duct by injecting contrast media.
Cholang/itis: Inflammation of the bile duct
Cholangi/o/ma: Tumor of the bile duct

67. A/tresia A/tresia: Not perforated or not open. Closed ducts or tubes.
Biliary a/tresia: Bile ducts are not open
Intestinal a/tresia: A part of the intestine is closed
Esophageal a/tresia: Closed esophagus

68. Cirrh/osis
Kirrhos = Orange-yellow Cirrh/osis: dysfunctional liver disease, occurs as a result of malnutrition, alcoholism, poisoning, or a history of hepatitis

69. Splen/o = Spleen
Splen/ectomy: Excision of the spleen Splen/o/megaly: Enlargement of the spleen Splen/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the spleen Splen/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of the spleen Splen/o/pathy: Any disease of the spleen

70. Splen/o/rrhaphy: Suture of the spleen Splen/o/rrhagia: hemorrhage from the spleen Splen/algia: Pain in the spleen Splen/ic: Pertaining to the spleen

72. Abbreviation BM PO NPO EGD ERCP GERD HAV HBV HCV
Bowel movement By mouth (per os) Nothing by mouth(nothing per os) Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Gastroesophageal reflux disease Hepatitis A Virus Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis C Virus

73. Abbreviation
HP GI GB NG HCL BE
Helicobacter pylori Gastrointestinal Gall bladder Nasogastric Hydrochloric acid Barium enema

74. Abbreviation
IBD
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis)
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome
LFT
Liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin)
NPO
Nothing by mouth, (nil per os)
TPN
Total parenteral nutrition (intravenous solutions are given to maintain nutrition).

75. Milad Ahmadzadeh Pouya Azizi Refrence: www.quizlet.com
Written by:
Milad Ahmadzadeh
Pouya Azizi
Refrence: