1. Central Place Theory/ World Cities Hierarchy/ Rank Size Theory/ Primate City Theory

2. Background on Professional Baseball
• Origins
• Early professional baseball
• Race and ethnic relations in baseball
• Population shifts and team relocations
• Expansion in 1961
• Free agency
• Further expansion
• Unfair competition issue
• Baseball is Central Place Theory in Action!

3. Major League Baseball Teams, 1903
Figure 9.7 (p. 256)

4. Major League Baseball Teams, 1960
Figure 9.9 (p. 257)

5. Major League Baseball Teams, 2005
Figure 9.10 (p. 258)

6. Major League Baseball's Widening Payroll Gap
Figure 9.11 (p. 259)

7. Activity 2: Market Area Geography
Step-by-step instructions for drawing market areas based on the closest team
Figure 9.15 (p. 268)

8. The distribution of minor-league baseball teams in Oregon and surrounding areas
Figure 9.16 (p. 269)

9. Online Activity

10. McDonald’s locations in Lincoln, Nebraska.

11. Draw hexagons around the McDonalds.

12. Central Place Theory Market area of a service Size of a market area
Range
Threshold

13. McDonald’s locations in Lincoln, Nebraska.

14. Are the market areas the same size
Are the market areas the same size? Are there concentrations of populations in some of the areas, i.e. are the thresholds the same size? Would concentrations of college students/apartment complexes influence the locations? Would the locations of businesses with large work forces influence the range?

15. Are there “gaps”? Where would people go if they were not in one of the market areas?
Where would the next McDonalds be built?
Do the transportation routes influence where people would stop?
What other factors might influence where people would stop?

16. World Cities Megacities- Cities of 10 million or more
World Cities - Harder to define
A world city is differentiated from other cities because of its power and influence in: politics; trade; communications; finance; education; culture and technology. 
It has also come to be closely related to the services it provides the rest of the world and its businesses.  Therefore, the growth of world cities is directly related to the growth of the service sector of the economy.
What are the top world cities?

17. Mexico City Paris
New York Rio
Sao Paulo London
Tokyo BA
Calcutta
Mumbai
Beijing LA
Hong Kong
Cairo
Shanghai
Jo Burg
New Delhi

18. The GAWC breaks down world cities into three categories:
1.  ALPHA WORLD CITIES(full service world cities)
2.  BETA WORLD CITIES (major world cities)
3.  GAMMA WORLD CITIES (minor world cities)

19. Each of the major world cities influence and connections to one another can be traced and mapped. 

20. A world city must be a center of  Multinational Corporate Headquarters and an International Financial Center.  It must be a  ‘Control center’ of capital markets and labor.

21. Here's the world city hierarchy within the US:

22. Rank-Size Rule
Rank-Size Rule: n th-largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. In other words, 2nd largest is 1/2 the size of largest. Works best in most developed countries that have full distribution of services.

23. Rank Size Rule
Notes the relationship between the ranks of cities and their populations.
Top Cities in Canada
1. Toronto 5,741,400
2. Montreal 3,859,300
3. Vancouver 2,391,300
4. Calgary 1,242,600
5. Ottawa 1,239,100

24. Rank Size Rule Example:
Largest City 1,000,000
2nd largest City 500,000
3rd Largest City 333,333
4th Largest City 250,000
5th Largest City ?

25. Rank Size Rule Example:
Largest City 1,000,000 (1/1)
2nd largest City 500,000 (1/2)
3rd Largest City 333,333 (1/3)
4th Largest City 250,000 (1/4)
5th Largest City 200,000 (1/5)

26. Primate Cities
A country's leading city is always disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling. The primate city is commonly at least twice as large as the next largest city and more than twice as significant. - Mark Jefferson, 1939

27. Primate City Rule
Largest settlement in a country has more than twice the number as the second ranking city. These cities tend to represent the perceived culture of the country.

28. What advantages do primate cities have?
Hugely influential
Culturally
Politically
Economically
Huge number of economic activities
Agglomeration of industries
Pull factors for migrants

29. Primate City or Rank Size Rule? Austria
Vienna 1,691,468
Linz-Wels-Steyr ,000
Graz ,326
Linz ,162
Salzburg ,269

30. Primate City or Rank Size Rule? Austria
Vienna 1,691,468 1,691,468
Linz-Wels-Steyr , ,743
Graz , ,823
Linz , ,867
Salzburg , ,294

31. Primate City or Rank Size Rule? Egypt
Cairo 7,734,614
Alexandria 3,811,516
Al Jīzah 2,443,203

32. Primate City or Rank Size Rule? Egypt
Cairo 7,734, ,734,614
Alexandria 3,811, ,867,307
Al Jīzah 2,443, ,578,204

33. Canada 1. Toronto 5,741,400 5,741,400 2. Montreal 3,859,300 2,870,700
3. Vancouver 2,391, ,913,800
4. Calgary 1,242, ,435,350
5. Ottawa 1,239, ,148,280

34. Work on your own or in partners

35. practice
If a country conforms to Rank Size Rule, fill in the population chart below:
City A 250,000
City B ?
City C ?
City D ?
City E ?

36. Practice
If a country conforms to Rank Size Rule, fill in the population chart below:
City A 250,000
City B 125,000
City C 83,333
City D 62,500
City E 50,000

37. Rank Size Rule or Primate City?
France 1 Paris 11,293,200 2 Lyon 1,665,700 3 Marseille 1,532,400 4 Toulouse 975,000 5 Nice 943,000

38. Rank Size Rule or Primate City?
England 1 London 7,172,091 2 Birmingham 970,892 3 Leeds 715,404 4 Glasgow 577,869 5 Sheffield 513,234

39. Rank Size Rule or Primate City?
Spain 1 Madrid 5,078,100 2 Barcelona 3,871,400 3 Valencia 1,406,600 4 Sevilla 1,135,600 5 Zaragoza 607,000

40. Rank Size Rule or Primate City?
Japan 1 Tokyo 8,027,500 2 Yokohama 3,552,300 3 Osaka 2,647,000 4 Nagoya 2,258,000 5 Sapporo 1,779,700

41. Rank Size Rule or Primate City?
South Korea Seoul 10,349,312 Pusan 3,678,555 Inch’ŏn 2,628,000 Taegu 2,566,540 Taejŏn 1,475,221

42. Rank Size Rule or Primate City?
Libya Tripoli 1,150,989 Banghāzī 650,629 Mişrātah 386,120 Tarhūnah 210,697 Al Khums 201,943

43. Rank Size Rule or Primate City?
Thailand Bangkok 5,104,476 Samut Prakan 388,920 Mueang Nonthaburi 291,555 Udon Thani 247,231 Chon Buri 219,164

44. Rank Size Rule or Primate City?
Lichtenstein
Schaan 5,748
Vaduz 5,197
Triesen 4,701
Balzers 4,447
Eschen 4,008

45. Rank Size Rule or Primate City?
Mexico Mexico City 12,294,193 Iztapalapa 1,820,888 Ecatepec 1,806,226 Guadalajara 1,640,589

46. Rank Size Rule or Primate City?
Greece
Athens 729,137
Thessaloníki 354,290
Piraeus 172,429
Pátrai 163,360
Peristérion 137,659

47. Rank Size Rule or Primate City?
Afghanistan
Kabul ,043,532
Kandahār 391,190
Mazār-e Sharīf 303,282
Herāt ,806
Jalālābād 200,331

48. Rank Size Rule or Primate City?
Morocco
Casablanca 3,144,909
Rabat 1,655,753
Fès ,891
Salé ,485
Marrakech ,296