1. 1 1 Wood Science and Technology Forestry and Forest Industry in China Jingxin Wang Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506

2. 2 2 Overview China’s Forests Forest Conservation Projects Forest Industry Presentation Outline

3. 3 3 Overview China has 195.45 million hectares of forests (289 million acres), 4.95% of the world’s forests, 5 th position in the world. Current forest coverage: 20.36% (18% in 2003). The total standing stock volume is 17,913 million cubic meters. Forestland ownership: owned by the State; 60% is managed by collective farms and 40% by the state. Total number of employees in Forestry, Wood industry, and Pulp and paper industry: 12.9 million (2000 data). U.S. is the major forest products export trade partner. (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. 7 th National Forest Resource Inventory Report) In million hectares (Source: Deutsche Bank. 2007. China Forestry Industry)

4. 4 4 Overview (Cont’d) Forestry Education in China Currently, there are 200 universities and colleges in China that have undergraduate and junior college studies in forestry subject, including 6 forestry universities and colleges, 12 forestry technical colleges and 182 agricultural universities/colleges and other types of universities. Forest Research in China Chinese Academy of Forestry Provincial Forest Research Institutes Universities (Source: State Forestry Administration, China) (Source: Deutsche Bank. 2007. China Forestry Industry) Forest Area by Forest Type

5. 5 5 Legend Coniferous Broad-leaved Mixed Bamboo China’s Forest Distribution  Coniferous forest  Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest  Deciduous broad-leaved forest  Evergreen broad-leaved forest,  Monsoon rain forest  Rain forest

6. 6 6 Coniferous forest in the northeast Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest China’s Forest Distribution (Cont’d)

7. 7 7 Deciduous broad-leaved forest Evergreen broad-leaved forest China’s Forest Distribution (Cont’d)

8. 8 8 Monsoon rain forest Rain forest China’s Forest Distribution (Cont’d)

9. China’s Forests - River Valleys 7 of the 10 largest river basins in China: Forest area – 70%; Stock volume – 60% The area and stock volume of the forests in the drainage areas of the Heilongjiang River and the Yangtze River make up about 50% of the total. Stat UnitForest Coverage (%) Forest Area (million hectares) Stock Volume (million cubic meters) Yangtze River Valley34.7861.873567 Heilongjiang River Valley 42.6339.703317 Pearl River Valley49.2521.77840 Yellow River Valley16.1512.15465 Liaohe River Valley28.136.18162 Huaihe River Valley14.634.38157 Haihe River Valley16.253.8473 (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. the 7th national forest inventory)

10. 10 Major regions: – Northeast Inner Mongolia – Southwest mountainous region – Southeast low mountain and hilly forest region – Northwest mountainous forest region – Tropical forest region Forest area of the 5 major forest regions - More than 70% of the country's total. Stock volume of these regions - Nearly 90% of China's total. China’s Forests - Forest Regions (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. the 7th national forest inventory)

11. 11 Arbor Forest Stock Volume by Age Group China’s Forests Arbor Forest Area and Stock Volume Arbor Forest Area by Age Group (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. the 7th national forest inventory)

12. 12 Forest Stock Volume by Forest Type (million m 3 ) China’s Forests - Forest Quality Arbor forest stock volume is 85.88 m 3 /ha. Natural forest stock volume is 98.64 m 3 /ha. Plantation is 49.01 m 3 /ha. Average annual growth of arbor forest stands: 3.85 m 3 /ha Average DHB 13.3cm. Average number of trees per ha is 916. (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. the 7th national forest inventory)

13. 13 Tropical Southeast Northwest Southwest Northeast Farmland shelter and sand- fixing forest project Three-North Shelter Forest Coastline shelter forest project The Yangtze river shelterbelt forest project Major Forest Conservation Projects Natural forest protection Grain for green project Wind and sand storm source control project Three-north and Yangtze River basin shelter forest system Wildlife and nature reserve establishment Fast-growing and high-yield forests

14. 14 Completely stop harvesting in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. Significantly decrease the amount of log production in the Northeast, Inner Mongolia forest regions. Carefully protect natural forests in other areas by the local authorities. The project targets to decrease the log production to 19.91 million cubic meters, and protect 94.3 million hectares of forests. Major Forest Conservation Projects Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP) For example, a project in Qinling mountains.

15. 15 Control 22.68 million hectares of area with soil erosion and water problems. Fix 26.68 million hectares of dessertifation area. Decrease 260 million tons of sediment which flushed into the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Major Forest Conservation Projects Grain for Green Project Grain for green project in Shanxi Province.

16. 16 This project is mainly to deal with the sandstorms that occur around Beijing area. It targets to increase the forest and grass coverage rate from 6.7% to 21.4% by the end of 2010. Major Forest Conservation Projects Wind and Sand Storm Control Wind and sand storm source control project in Inner Mongolia.

17. 17 Three-North and Yangtze River Basin Shelter Forest System Project - ”Green Great Wall” The biggest shelter forest project in China, started in 1978 and will last until 2050. Cover 42.4% of the total land area of China, including northeast, north central, and northwest, 13 provinces or 551 counties. The plantation area will reach 35.62 million hectares, and forest coverage rate will be 14.95% in the three-north area by 2050. Major Forest Conservation Projects (Cont’d)

18. 18 Three-north projects in Xinjiang and Ningxia Major Forest Conservation Projects Three-north projects in Shanxi

19. 19 Three-north projects in Inner Mongolia Major Forest Conservation Projects Three-north projects in Heilongjiang and Liaoning

20. 20 Forest Industry Output Forestry industry output value in 2009, with a total of 1,580 billion Yuan ($230.59 billion – $1 = 6.8 Yuan). * Estimated. (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. the 7th national forest inventory)

21. 21 Log production in million m 3 from 1997 to 2008 Forest Industry – Log Production 69.38 million m 3 in 2009 (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. the 7th national forest inventory)

22. 22 Bamboo forest in Guangxi 1.2 billion stems of bamboo in 2009. Forest Industry – Log Production 3-year old eucalyptus in Guangxi Normally, harvested at 4-8 year-old. (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. National forest production statistics)

23. 23 Forest Industry – Harvesting Operations Tree-length system FellingDelimbingLoadingSkidding Log system FellingDelimbingBuckingSkiddingLoading

24. 24 Falling direction control Forest Industry - Felling

25. 25 Forest Industry – Delimbing and Bucking

26. 26 Forest Industry - Skidding

27. 27 Forest Industry – Loading and Transportation

28. 28 Ground-based skidding development in Heilongjiang Province. Forest Industry (Cont’d) (Source: Wang, L. 2009. Development of forest industry in China) MachineAnimal

29. 29 Questions?? For more information, please contact: Dr. Jingxin Wang Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University jxwang@wvu.edu