1. Just or Unjust Wars Is there such a thing as a “good” war? A “necessary” war? What are examples? 1

2. Videos and links that would be great to preview https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=y59wEr qg4Xg https://www.khanacademy.org/humanitie s/history/euro-hist http://www.ushistory.org/us/45.asphttp://www.ushistory.org/us/45.asp - watch 45a-d 2

4. What are the words and images associated with WWI: A review from World Civ— https://animoto.com/play/3jKy1YjgSHbDmy Macg4YNw 4

5.  MAIN Causes of WWI 1.Militarism – the aggressive build- up of a nations armed forces. 2.Alliances – nations formed partnerships to help protect and defend themselves. 3.Imperialism – stronger nations began to take over weaker nations. 4.Nationalism – everybody thought their nation was the best.

6. 6 The First World War: War involving nearly all the nations of the world 1914-1918 What? When?

7. 7 The First World War: Why? Long term - 1. Alliance system 2. Imperialist Competition 3. Stockpiling of Weapons Short term - Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of the Austro- Hungarian Empire Austria - Franz Ferdinand & daughter of Leopold Salvator. Upper right: Cardinal Nagle

8. 8 The First World War: Who? Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire These 3 were The Triple Alliance Bulgaria Russia France Great Britain These 3 were theTriple Entente Italy Japan United States (1917) Central Powers:Allies:

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10. 10 Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war? America was isolationist “Why should I get involved in someone else’s problems” QUESTION: Is isolationism really an option for a country as powerful as the United States?

11. 11 Which side should the US pick? 11 million German- Americans Irish-Americans hated Great Britain Close cultural ties Shared transatlantic cables (so censored stories) Big business loaned much $ to allies Central Powers:Allies: US Exports to both sides:

12. Despite being neutral: American business took advantage of the European need for food, raw materials, and munitions. Prosperity! Labor Unions could demand better conditions for workers. 12

13. 13 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades Britain blockaded (stopped) all German ships going to America Germany announced a submarine war around Britain

14. 14 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades In May, 1915 Germany told Americans to stay off of British ships They could/would sink them

15. 15 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades Lusitania torpedoed, sinking with 1200 passengers and crew (including 128 Americans) Was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunition

16. 16 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades The US sharply criticized Germany for their action Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning in the future, the Sussex Pledge (1916)

17. 17 What did it take to get the US involved? 2. Unlimited Submarine Warfare 1917 Germany announced “unlimited submarine warfare” in the war zone Why risk it? So desperate. Need for supplies. To make their blockade more successful

18. 18 What did it take to get the US involved? 3. Zimmerman Note Britain intercepted a note from Germany to Mexico It promised Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona back in return for an alliance to occupy/distract US

19. 19 What did it take to get the US involved? Zimmerman Note and the sinking of 4 unarmed American ships led to a declaration of war Wilson wants a war of redemption, a crusade, for the future of democracy.

20. 20 How was the war looking for the allies? Russia left the war after its communist revolution in 1917 Made it a one front war for Germany - all its troops could concentrate on France Not Good...

21. 21 Convincing the American People Posters - Gee!! How do you think this poster helped to convince the American people that the war was a good idea?

22. 22 Convincing the American People 1. War to End All Wars Idealism: 2 Goals For War: 2. Making the World Safe for Democracy

23. 23 Convincing the American People Idealism: Fourteen Points What? President Wilson’s Plan for after the war Fourteen promises, including freedom of the seas & a League of Nations to work for peace President Woodrow Wilson

24. 24 What did the US do to help? US provided the food, money, and fresh troops needed to win the war Liberty bonds ($17 billion) U.S. borrows - $20 billion in bonds Supplies:

25. Selective Service Act of 1917 Two categories of objectors Religious pacifists – includes member of established, recognized pacifist sects (Quakers, Mennonites, Brethren) Exempted from active military service; most worked in aid service or on a farm Conscientious objectors - Religious objectors unaffiliated with pacifist religious denominations or people opposing for political or ethical reasons Only 3,989 of 2.8 million men inducted claimed this status; most accepted non-combat duty However, 1,400 absolutely said NO! They are court-martialed and imprisoned in solitary

26. Lever Food and Fuel Control Act Food Administration ◦ “Food Can Win the War” ◦ Victory Gardens; Meatless Mondays; Wheatless Wednesdays; Prohibition (Volstead Act) 26

27. Fuel Administration ◦ Daylight Savings time to extend daylight hours ◦ Gasless Sundays; heatless Mondays 27

28. War Industries Board Had the power to regulate all materials needed in the war effort “no steel, copper, cement, rubber, or other basic materials could be used without our approval” ◦ Bernard Baruch Industrial production increases 20% 28

29. Trade with the Allies grew rapidly, nearly $8.25 million in business was conducted in 1914 This increased to $3 billion by 1916 Allied govts. borrowed money from U.S. Banks. This business and trade persuaded businesses to side now with the Allied Powers 29

30. 30 How did the War Affect the US? Women Women filled factory jobs May have led to the 19th Amendment after the war (Gave women the right to vote) Black soldiers still served in Segregated Units African Americans “Great Migration” - thousands of African Americans moved North to work in factories

31. Women during the War 31

32. Great Migration of African Americans 32

33. 33 How did the War Affect the US? Enforcing Loyalty Hatred of all things German Ex. “Liberty Cabbage” Espionage Act 1917 & Sedition Act of 1918 punished those against the war Committee on Public Information Importance of propaganda “4 Minute Men”

34. What is propaganda? The spreading of ideas or information to further or damage a cause

35. WWI Propaganda: Objectives Recruitment of soldiers Financing the war Eliminating dissent and unifying the country Conservation of resources Participating in home-front organizations

36. WWI Propaganda: Tools Demonization Emotional appeals Name calling Patriotic appeals Half-truths or lies Catchy slogans Evocative visual symbols Humor or caricatures

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66. Another way to eliminate dissent In 1917, Congress passed the Espionage Act Punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty What would you define as “aiding the enemy?” What would you make the punishment?

67. In 1918, Congress passed the Sedition Act This law made it illegal for Americans to “utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal... or abusive language” criticizing the government, the flag, or the military. What defines “criticizing?” More than 1,000 opponents of the war were jailed

68. Schenck v. United States ◦ Unanimous opinion ◦ Many things that can be said in peacetime can cause problems for the government and danger for soldiers in wartime ◦ Some limits needed to be place on individual free speech during wartime to ensure the country’s overall safety ◦ “Clear and present danger” 68

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70. Impact of WWI on Europe 70