1. Building National Broadband Networks: What works and what doesn’t? Roshanthi Lucas Gunaratne Goa 26 April 2014

2. Internet Ecosystem 2 Infrastructure Users Content/ Applications Devices

3. Internet Ecosystem 3 Infrastructure Users Content/ Applications Devices India NOFN – fiber from block to gram panchayat level Government User Network – Anchor client E-gov, e-education and e-health

4. Internet Ecosystem 4 Infrastructure Users Content/ Applications Devices Broadband Carnivals, ICT Training Affordable packages Tax breaks E-gov, e-health, e- education, ecommerce My1Content portal 1Malaysia Netbook Distribution HSBB – FTTH in industrial areas BBGP – connectivity via multiple tech in rural areas Malaysia

5. Internet Ecosystem 5 Infrastructure Users Content/ Applications Devices Australia NBN Australia – wholesale network FTTH, fixed wireless or Satellite

6. Internet Ecosystem 6 Infrastructure Users Content/ Applications Devices Indonesia Palapa Ring – connecting all Islands through fiber Programs to improve ICT literacy

7. Access Network Domestic Backhaul International Backhaul State owned Telco and Public Fiber Networks Point of Interface Block Point of Interface At GP Customers International Connectivity India – NOFN (2012) Private Telecom Operators Pilot- 58 GPs connected Target – 250000 GPs BBNL PoP

8. Access Network Domestic Backhaul International Backhaul TM Fiber Network Customers International Connectivity Malaysia – HSBB (2012) 1.74Tbps total International BW Capacity (from 682Gbps) 1.43 Ports installed Target 1.3 Ports installed 621,400 Subscribers (43% take up) 4 Operators for HSBB Access 17 Operators for HSBB Transmission

9. Access Network Domestic Backhaul International Backhaul NBN Co Fiber network Customers International Connectivity Australia – NBN (2013) Retail Telecom Operators Was planned as FTTH initially in 2009 but after Gov changed from Labor to Coalition, in 2013, multi technology approach favored. Still planning stage. Only legislation on Companies Act and Access Act remain same

10. Access Network Domestic Backhaul International Backhaul Fiber network connecting all islands Customers International Connectivity Indonesia – Palapa Ring Private Telecom Operators

11. NBN Model India – BBNL – SPV (BSNL, Railtel, PowerGrid, GAILTEL ), wholesale bandwidth provider – Connecting 250,000 GPs to Blocks – Non discriminatory access, but conditions not defined. Tariff on website, but significant discounts available – 4B USD funded by USOF; could be more – Was planned to be completed by Dec 2012. Delayed by two years Malaysia – Telecom Malaysia (TM) (chosen with no tender process) – FTTH in industrial/ commercial areas – No standard access pricing. Commercially negotiated terms. – 3.5B USD, Public Private Partnership (750M Gov and 2.8B TM) – Implementation started in 2008, launched in 2010. Completed in 18 months. – Phase 2 is currently being planned, but scope undefined. – By 2012 1.43 ports installed, Over 600,000 subscribers (43% take up), 4 operators signed up for Access services, and 17 operators signed up for Transmission services. 11

12. NBN Model Cont… Australia – NBN Co (wholesale-only special purpose vehicle, providing retail telecom service providers with access to the NBN ) – Provide whole country with FTTH/ fixed wireless and satellite connectivity – Legislation on open access and transparency exists – 40B USD by Gov – Started in 2009 after many delays and gov change is expected to be completed in 2019. Indonesia – PT Telekom (no tender) PPP (but not implemented yet) – Connectivity of 497 cities in less developed Eastern Indonesia to ensure all islands are connected by fiber backhaul – Non discriminatory access, but conditions not defined. – 1B USD from USO fund – New National Broadband Plan completed in 2014. – Palapa Ring started in end 2009. Implementation to be completed by 2015 12

13. 13 India (4 years) Size denotes implementation time

14. 14 Australia Malaysia Transparent conditions to Access Non-Transparent Indonesia ? Implemented by separate entity Implemented by Incumbent India?

15. 15 Australia MalaysiaIndonesia Delayed Implementation Completed on Time Implemented by special purpose vehicle Implemented by Incumbent India

16. 16 Australia Malaysia Australia Lack of demand by consumers Existing Demand Indonesia ? Rural India? Urban

17. Cost to Government (Billion USD) Implementation Entity Scope of ProjectOpen Access Timely implementation India4BSNL SPV Connectivity from Block to 250,000 GP Conditions being discussed, Tariff on webDelayed Malaysia0.75 TM (selected with no tender process, other operators not considered) PPP FTTH in high industrial areas only No transparent conditions or pricing, but other operators have signed up Completed on time Australia40 NBN Co Wholesale only SPV Connectivity of whole country through FTTH, fixed wireless and satellite Clear legislation on non discriminatory open access and transparent pricingDelayed Indonesia1 PT Telekom (other operators not considered) Connectivity of Eastern non commercial cities Conditions have not been agreed Delayed