1. Benefits, opportunities and barriers Why Coordination? Jerzy M Langer Ministry of Science and Information Society Technologies, Poland Conference on the co-ordination of national research programmes: opportunities and barriers, Manchester,21 October 2005

2. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND NEW EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE Europe without top research and education cannot meet the challenges of the XXI Century. And this cannot be achieved without a concerted R&D policy at both national and European levels. Romano Prodi, "AN ENLARGED EUROPE FOR RESEARCHERS", BRUSSELS, JUNE 2001 Ironically, Europe has no problem putting together excellent football teams consisting of players from several EU countries. Putting together excellent research teams seems much harder.

4. We are losing ground on just about all the key factors that matter for our future growth:

5. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND Many Graduates – Few Researchers Wake-up Call for Knowledge Europe! Commissioner Janez Potočnik Brussels – 19 July 2005 ATTRACTING RESEARCHERS 24,2 5,4 18,5 9 23,1 10,1 051015202530 Share of Science and Engineering graduates (% of new degrees, 2003) Researchers per 1000 labour force (full-time equivalent, 2003) EU-25 US Japan

6. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND GERD as % GDP KEY FIGURES 2005, DG Res, EC 10-fold disparity in R&D financing across EU-25 is a major obstacle in making coherent European R&D policy and thus coordination!

7. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND FP6 - OVERALL RESULTS

8. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND EU-25 NETWORKS OF EXCELLENCE

9. IS THE PICTURE SO BLEAK? ASSETS AND OPPORTUNITIES

10. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND 1. YOUNG PEOPLE POLAND

11. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND 2. SCIENCE SPECIALISATION KEY FIGURES 2005, DG Res, EC European diversity SCIENCES

12. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND GDP per person in thousands US dollars David A. King, Nature 2004 CITATION INTENSITY 3. SCIENCE QUALITY

13. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND 4. FINANCIAL RESOURCES KEY FIGURES 2005, DG Res, EC Leverage of joint use of individual resources

14. We are in trouble, but have a chance, so concerted action is a must SCIENTISTS WORK TOGETHER Hence cooperation tools welcome, but coordination acceptable only at the project level we know best what is good for us

15. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND SCIENTISTS WORK AND PUBLISH TOGETHER JOURNAL Papers analysed authors/ paperInstitutions/paper Nature v. 433-54877,86 ± 0,733,42 ± 0,17 Science v.307-84267,70 ± 0,433,49 ± 0,15 Phys.Rev. B 71 June 2005 1083,99 ± 0,252,26 ± 0,14 Phys.Rev. C 71 June 2005 7715,9 ± 6,64,39 ± 0,88 Astroparticle Physics v. 23 4823,5 ± 9,64,67 ± 1,17 COURTESY - PROF. A. K. WRÓBLEWSKI, 2005

16. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND JOINT INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS 2nd EUROPEAN REPORT ON S&T INDICATORS, EC - 1997

17. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND JOINT PUBLICATIONS with the USA 1980-1995 with the EU with the USA 1980-1995 with the EU Hungary - 8 times Poland - 6 times Hungary, Poland 5 times 2nd EUROPEAN REPORT ON S&T INDICATORS, EC - 1997

18. We are in trouble, but have a chance, so concerted action is a must SCIENTISTS WORK TOGETHER Hence cooperation tools welcome, but coordination acceptable only at the project level (we know best what is good for us) ADMINISTRATORS, POLICY & DECISION MAKERS have another perspective, hence coordination likely, provided they do not lose power and importance

19. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND LEGAL FRAMEWORK TREATY – Chapter XVIII Art. 166 Framework Program Art. 165 Community and MS shall coordinate their research … to ensure that national and Community Policy are mutually consistent Art. 169 EC + MS jointly funded programs Art. 171 New structures possible (EU Parliament involved)

20. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND FP 7 - COOPERATION Collaborative research Joint Technology Initiatives Co-ordination of non-Community research programs –ERA-NET and ERA-NET PLUS (common fund) –Art. 169 – variable geometry initiatives –EUREKA and COST synergy with FP International co-operation

21. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND BARRIERS FOR COORDINATION SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE AT WORK Specific national rulings –Review schemes (national - must) –Resident vs. non-resident financing –What allowed (e.g. stem cells, GMOs, etc) Diverse funding schemes –Ministries vs. Research Councils Different fiscal rules and scales –Full vs. partial cost, backup funds Different budgetary rules (e.g. yearly base) Different priorities and legal consequences Different scale of resources –GERD (0,35 – 4,5%)

22. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND A NEW DEAL URGENTLY NEEDED IN R&D EUROPE European Commission -an initiator -an observer –ERA watch -a guardian -a „facilitator” (financial, personnel) -a legal advisor -information provider -more cost-efficient and simplifying Member States -abandon „juste retour” as an old fashioned approach -agree on benchmarking and its consequences - openness -harmonise procedures (e.g. on peer review, English as acceptable legal language in proposal submittals, timing,…) -in-kind money provider OMC needs a serious debate – the Austrian presidency welcome to concert it

23. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND OPEN METHOD OF COORDINATION fixing guidelines with specific timetables for achieving the goals quantitative and qualitative indicators and benchmarks as a means of comparing best practice; periodic monitoring, evaluation and peer review. translating these European guidelines into national and regional policies by setting specific targets and adopting measures LISBON EUROPEAN COUNCIL, CONCLUSIONS, 2000

24. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND Ice flakeBacterial colony OMC IN NATURE SELF-ORGANISATION

25. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND AREAS OF COORDINATION Concerted actions needed in EU-25 to stay on a Lisbon track and win: R esearch (themes, policies, actions) E ducation (Bologna process) I nnovation

26. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND SME’s in BERD (%) 2002 KEY FIGURES 2005, DG Res, EC SMEs in Europe relatively large part of business expenditure BERD Chance for most innovative SMEs in developing European regions EUROSTARS initiative of EUREKA

27. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND Centralised common pot - International assessment –centralised funding Funding of SME-driven innovation projects by EUREKA MS and the EC through an article 169 initiative EUROSTARS Centralised common pot EUREKA, HLG & GA, Maastricht - 2005

28. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND A decentralised common pot - joint call and evaluation – national funding Funding of SME-driven innovation projects by EUREKA MS and the EC through an article 169 initiative EUROSTARS Decentralised common pot EUREKA, HLG & GA, Maastricht - 2005

29. JERZY M LANGER MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES, POLAND EUROPE NEEDS GRAND VISION FOR XXI CENTURY European Research Area – New FP & increased budget European Higher Education – Bologna Process; EIT? European funding of basic research –European Research Council European promotion of Innovativeness –European Innovation Council From ERA to REI

30. How is it possible to expect that mankind will take advice, when they will not so much as take warning? Jonathan Swift The Battle of the Books and Other Short Pieces If Europe in the XX century could agree on common coal & steel and then agricultural policies, why then not to have common Research, Education and Innovation policies for the XXI century?