1. 1Lecture 2 By: SITI SURIA SALIM DEPARTMENT OF BASIC EDUCATION FACULTY OF EDUCATIONAL STUDIES UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA suria@educ.upm.edu.my

2.  The roles of the government, principal, teachers and students in creating the school as a social system. 2Lecture 2

3. A system made up of different partsSystematic relationship between the partsFunctional relationshipCreate a new entityArrangement create patterns 3Lecture 2

4. Scott( 2003) agreed that social system is an open system. A system involving human being that influence by norms and sources in the community through politics and history (Lunenberg, 1995 ) 4Lecture 2

5. Social system 5Lecture 2

6. Social system Based on the interaction of plurality of individuals Related with cultural system Unity All parts are inter- dependent interactive Interaction must carry a meaning 6Lecture 2

7. Belief and knowledge Sentiment Goals or objective Norms Status and role Ranks PowerSanction Facility 7Lecture 2

8.  A school is a place for the formal teaching and learning take place.  A school was identified as social system. There are group of people who interact with each other in order to achieve the same goal and interacting with the outside community. (Lunenberg, 1995) 8Lecture 2

9.  Hoy and Miskel(2003) both agreed that learning institution had the characteristics of the social system such as the inter- dependence with its parts, a complex social interaction and having its own culture. 9Lecture 2

10. Transformation Process Structural System ( Bureaucratic Expectations ) CulturalSystem(Shared Orientations ) PoliticalSystem(Power Relations ) Individual System (Cognition and Motivation ) Learning Teaching OutputsInputs Environmental constraints Human and capital resources Mission and board policy Materials and methods Achievement Job satisfaction Absenteeism Dropout rate Overall quality Discrepancy between Actual and Expected Performance Environment 10

11. Training and education Family institutionMobilization Research and findings 11Lecture 2

12. Counseling and career Community leadership Leadership in the government institutions Leadership in the non-government institutions 12Lecture 2