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Chapter 4 – Folk and Popular Culture

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1 Chapter 4 – Folk and Popular Culture
Chapter 5 – Language Chapter 6 – Religion Chapter 7 – Ethnicity

2 Unit Objectives Identifying and analyzing culture, cultural traits, diffusion, acculturation, assimilation, and cultural regions.   Identifying and explaining various cultural landscapes and understanding a sense of place Understanding how cultural patterns are represented at various scales from local to global. Understanding the origin and distribution of languages Identifying Universalizing and Ethnic Religions and recognizing how religions organize space Understanding the distribution of ethnicities, why some have become nationalities and some current and historical ethnic conflicts. Describing and explaining differences and similarities between world languages, world religions, ethnic groups (ethnicity), and popular/ folk culture.

3 What is Culture? Sum of all the typical activities of a group of people Values Material items Political institutions Pop/Folk Culture refers to material items 2 aspects of material culture Survival techniques – food, shelter, clothing Leisure activities – art, sports, music, movies, etc.

4 Habit vs. Custom Geographers study how culture influences behavior.
Difference between habit and custom Habit is a repetitive act performed by an individual. One college student wears jeans with colorful patches. Custom is a repetitive act performed by a group. All college students from the American South wear jeans with colorful patches. Habit Custom

5 Dispersed – Global scale
4.1.1: Compare the origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk and popular culture. Pop VS Folk Large groups of people Heterogeneous groups Changes quickly Dispersed – Global scale Ex. Wearing jeans, eating fast food, attending sporting events Hierarchical Diffusion through major centers i.e. NYC, LA, Chicago, London Small, isolated groups Homogeneous groups Slow to change Clustered – local scale Little interaction w/ others Ex. Wearing a sari, driving a horse and buggy Relocation Diffusion Ex: Amish people from PA. to KY.

6 Warm-up Activity Describe a (1) personal habit, a (2) custom that you follow that is not generically “popular culture”, and (3) a culture that you follow. Be sure to define and explain each one, and then try to explain where each one originated. Describe a (4) distinctive food preference that your family has and trace its origins to a folk hearth. If you don’t have one, use an example that you’ve heard of or seen (not from the book). © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

7 Diffusion of Pop and Folk Culture
Folk Culture is Clustered Folk Culture Isolation Tends to lead to cultural diversity Keeps folk cultures from changing much Physical Environment Limits some choices Food habits strongly connected to environment REMEMBER POSSIBILISM Some cultures in similar environments have different cultural traits Some cultures in different environments have similar cultural traits (pop culture) Some examples of these… Belarus people celebrating a festival

8 Diffusion of Pop and Folk Culture
Folk Culture is Clustered Food customs (repetitive act of a group is a custom) strongly connected to environment Attractions Slow cook foods = N. Europe Spicy food = 25˚ around equator Taboos Religious food taboos (often environmental reasons) Taking on the phone in the bathroom Different housing styles: combo of social customs & environment How does physical geography impact local food styles/ regional dishes? How does physical geography impact housing styles?

9 Environment & Folk Culture

10 Worldwide Food Comparison
English meat pies & soups Spice Indian curries

11 regions renowned for their hot climates such as Sichuan and Hunan (point these provinces out on the map) are also well known for their hot, spicy dishes Northern China, on the other hand, is known for its noodles, since the primary agricultural product of this region is wheat.

12 Population and Food Vegetables add to the diet and the available meat is largely pork, and chicken which can be raised on very little space. It does not make economic sense to use valuable farmland as grassland for raising beef. The lack of pasture land for grazing means that there are less milk and dairy products in the Chinese diet. Therefore, they use the soy bean to provide protein and calcium.

13 region lineages often had to protect themselves
Fujian province in a region where Hakka live in single-lineage dominated villages.  When these houses were built, different lineages were often engaged in armed feuding with each other. Why do you think these compounds are built as single units that open inward? region lineages often had to protect themselves Each dwelling housed several related families. All structural requirements for daily living, including storage of food and implements, could be collected under one roof

14 House Types in Four Western Chinese Communities
Figure 4-9

15 To the right is a picture of a farmer's market in Shandong province in North China
How do you suppose people in China would recognize that the buyers and sellers here are Han Chinese?

16 clothing, is typical of that worn by Han Chinese of their age in their day
Clothing, of course, is a very complex medium for conveying information about ethnicity, as it also carries messages about age, class, occupation, interest in fashion, and even politics. 

17 Religion and City/Town Planning
New England commons/ greens originally were designed around religious buildings These areas have become public parks/ spaces New Haven Green

18 Why is P. C. Widely Dispersed?
Diffusion of Housing Housing b/co standard across cultures in MDCs Cheaper to build Built by professionals Housing varies across time NOT space Diffusion of Clothing Dress = Status/Income (Folk Culture: Dress = Cultural Group) Clothing choices NOT environmentally driven Diffusion of Food MDCs consume LOTS of snack foods & alcohol (higher standards of living) Huge $$$ on advertising to encourage consumption

19 Where are these people from?

20 U.S. House Types (1945–1990) Figure 4-16

21 Diffusion of Facebook Figure 4-21

22 Is Maintaining a Folk Culture possible in the Modern Age?
‘Gross National Happiness’ Bhutan and Cultural Change Discussion Questions What elements encourage the retention of folk culture? What elements encourage the diffusion of popular culture? What connections can you make to past units of study from this video? (population, migration, geographer’s models?) What conflicts might develop as a result of the clash between folk and popular culture? What choice do you think Bhutan should make? (should they join the WTO & allow in products/ culture that could impact their own Folk culture?)

23 Folk Culture vs. Social Media
Is the Preservation of Folk Culture Possible with the use of Technology and social media? Social websites like MySpace and YouTube are changing the way that popular and folk cultures are diffused. Give and support an argument for how the Internet might aid the preservation, or even expansion, of some folk cultural elements.

24 Problems Associated w/ Globalization of Popular Culture
Threatens Folk Culture Muslims view Western dress as a threat Males lose power over females Problems of looking “Westernized” Effect on religious taboos and habits Less people observe food/clothing restrictions Negative popular culture transfers (pg. 137) Increase in prostitution in LDCs Blood Diamonds (Conflict Diamonds) in Africa MDCs dominate the media Over-represents Western ideas Focus on negative aspects of LDCs(natural disasters) Control Foreign countries economically? Economic imperialism…

25 Impact on the Environment
Problems Cont. Impact on the Environment Uniform landscapes = most suburban areas VERY similar (strip malls & housing developments) Depletion of natural resources Golf courses use up a lot of land (& water) Over-killing of animals for products/ sport (Africa) Eating meat instead of grains – inefficient and expensive; is this suitable for LDCs?? Pollution MDCs create MUCH more waste than LDCs (where folk culture is more prevalent) (Keep in mind folk cultures also produce waste)

26 4.1.2: Compare the characteristics of folk and popular music.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

27 Where Do Cultures Originate and Diffuse?
Origin of folk and popular music Folk music characteristics Tells a story or recounts important life events or activities Is personal in nature Popular music characteristics Written by individuals for the purpose of selling to a large audience Highly technical

28 Popular Music Map Figure 4-2

29 Hip-Hop Map Figure 4-3

30 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


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