2. By Micheal Bailey Raines Lab Report: Who Poisoned Buzz Lightyear?

3. Introduction After inviting many famous guests over, Buzz Lightyear has been found poisoned. Several items were found at the crime scene: a liquid, a wrap, powder, and a hot dog. All guests were required to bring a liquid, a wrap, powder, and a hot dog with them. If the items found match with the items brought by a guest, we will know who poisoned Buzz Lightyear. A group of students have been brought in to identify the properties of the items in order to compare them with the properties of the crime scene items.

4. Suspects SuspectDrinkWrapPowderHot Dog Wicked WitchWaterZincAscorbic AcidFat Free Snow WhiteAlcoholSulfurAscorbic AcidLight Pork Daffy DuckGrape DrinkPlasticSodium Polyacrylate Pork ShrekWaterIronSucroseFat Free DorothySalt WaterAluminumBaking SodaPork Princess LeiaVinegarIronAscorbic AcidLight Pork Harry PotterLemonadeCopperSucroseLight Pork Jimmy NeutronWaterIronSodium Polyacrylate Pork Icky VickyVinegarAluminumAscorbic AcidLight Pork Darth VaderSalt WaterAluminumSodium Chloride Fat Free Lord VoldemortSalt WaterZincBaking SodaFat Free GoofyAlcoholCopperSodium Chloride Pork ArielWaterIronSucrosePork

5. Suspects (continued) SuspectDrinkWrapPowderHot Dog UrsulaAlcoholPlasticSodium Polyacrylate Fat Free DonkeyVinegarCopperSodium ChlorideLight Pork Prince CharmingSalt WaterAluminumBaking SodaFat Free Nancy DrewSalt WaterIronSodium ChloridePork Sponge BobWaterZincSucrosePork DoraSalt WaterZincBaking SodaLight Pork Luke SkywalkerSalt WaterAluminumSodium Polyacrylate Fat Free

6. Hypothesis If the properties of Lord Voldemort’s items are the same as the properties of the crime scene items, then he is the one who poisoned Buzz Lightyear, because that means it was his materials found at the crime scene.

7. Materials Liquids: Pure water, alcohol, salt water, vinegar, grape drink, lemonade with pulp, and the unidentified crime scene liquid. Wraps: Chips of zinc, sulfur powder, sheets of plastic, chips of iron, chips of aluminum, chips of copper, and the unidentified crime scene wrap. Powders: Ascorbic acid, sodium polyacrylate, sucrose, baking soda, sodium chloride, and the unidentified crime scene liquid. Hot Dogs: Fat free, light pork, pork, and the unidentified crime scene hot dog. Testing Materials: Plastic graduated cylinder, a book of matches, hydrochloric acid, a testing plate, paper cups, a conductivity meter, a mass scale, two tweezers, water, a hot plate, iodine, paper towels, a glass cup, and a liquid dropper.

8. Procedure I. Research (through any means available) the composition of each item, including the crime scene materials. (pure substance or mixture, homogeneous or heterogeneous, element or compound.) II. Discover the properties of each liquid, including the crime scene liquid: these properties are physical, (density, conductivity, color, and odor.) and chemical. (flammability and reactivity.) 1. Put each liquid in a graduated cylinder partway filled with water in order to discover its density; if it sinks below the water, it is more than one; if it rises above the water, it is less than one. Water as a suspect item is automatically one. 2. Pour each liquid into a different pool on the testing plate. 3. Observe and record each liquid’s visible characteristics. 4. Observe and record each liquid’s color. 5. Observe each liquid’s odor; to smell the odor, waft each liquid’s scent towards your nose and intake the smell. 6. Stick the two points of the conductivity meter into each liquid, one at a time; when the meter lights up, observe the light, then check the back of the meter to see what that light says about its conductivity. 7. Light several matches and stick one into each liquid, if it catches fire, then it is flammable; if it does not, then it is inflammable. 8. Pour some hydrochloric acid (WARNING: DO NOT TOUCH.) into a glass cup, squeeze some into the liquid dropper, squeeze a drop into each liquid, and see if it reacts.

9. Procedure (continued) III. Discover the properties of each wrap, including the crime scene wrap: these properties are physical, (density, conductivity, malleability, and luster.) and chemical. (reactivity.) 1. Place each wrap into a pool on the testing plate. 2. Observe and record each wrap’s visible characteristics. 3. Take the two tweezers and, one at a time, try to bend each wrap with them by holding using the tweezers, and applying pressure. If it bends, it is malleable; if it does not, it is not malleable. Sulfur is not malleable by default, as it is in small, brittle, pieces. 4. Observe each wrap; if it shines, it has luster; if it is dull, it has no luster. 5. Stick the two points of the conductivity meter into each wrap, one at a time; when the meter lights up, observe the light, then check the back of the meter to see what that light says about its conductivity. 6. Squeeze a drop of hydrochloric acid on each wrap, and see if it reacts. 7. Test each wrap’s mass on the mass scale, then fill the graduated cylinder to a specific mark with water, after which you drop a wrap into the cylinder. See how much the water’s gone up, and subtract the original volume to get the wrap’s volume (in between each volume test, empty out the cylinder to get back the wrap, and then refill it with water, and drop in a different wrap.) Divide each wrap’s mass by its volume to get the density.

10. Procedure (continued) IV. Discover the properties of each powder, including the crime scene powder; these properties are physical, (solubility, conductivity, and melting.) and chemical. (flammability and reactivity.) 1. Place each powder into a pool on the testing plate. 2. Observe and record each powder’s visible characteristics. 3. Stick the two points of the conductivity meter into each powder, one at a time; when the meter lights up, observe the light, then check the back of the meter to see what that light says about its conductivity. 4. Squeeze a drop of hydrochloric acid on each powder, and see if it reacts. 5. Light several matches and stick one into each powder, if it catches fire, then it is flammable; if it does not, then it is inflammable. 6. Pour a powder onto a hot plate, one at a time, and activate the hot plate. If it melts, it can be melted; if it doesn’t, it cannot be melted. Repeat after each test for all powders. 7. Pour some more of a powder, one at a time, into a cup full of water. If it dissolves, it is soluble; if it doesn’t dissolve, it is insoluble. Repeat after each test for all powders.

11. Procedure (continued) V. Discover the properties of each hot dog, including the crime scene hot dog; these properties are physical, (pre- squeeze mass, post-squeeze mass, conductivity, and density.) and chemical. (reactivity.) 1. Place each hot dog into a pool on the testing plate. 2. Observe and record each hot dog’s visible characteristics. 3. Stick the two points of the conductivity meter into each hot dog, one at a time; when the meter lights up, observe the light, then check the back of the meter to see what that light says about its conductivity. 4. Squeeze a drop of hydrochloric acid on each hot dog, and see if it reacts. 5. Test each hot dog’s mass on the mass scale, then fill the graduated cylinder to a specific mark with water, after which, drop a hot dog into the cylinder, one at a time. See how much the water’s gone up, and subtract the original volume to get the hot dog’s volume (in between each volume test, empty out the cylinder to get back the hot dog, and then refill it with water.) Divide each hot dog’s mass by its volume to get the density. 6. Place a hot dog on the mass scale, and determine its mass; repeat with the other hot dogs. 7. Place a hot dog in a paper towel, and use the paper towel to squeeze all of the juices out of the hot dog; repeat with the other hot dogs. 8. Place the remains of a hot dog (including the skin.) onto the mass scale once more, and record its mass. Repeat for all other squeezed hot dogs.

12. Procedure (continued) VI. Review the data, and see which material’s properties are the same as the crime scene materials, which should have been tested with the other materials. After that, see which suspect has those materials.

13. Data DrinksObservationsPure or Mixture Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Element or Compound Pure WaterClear, wetpuren/acompound Rubbing Alcohol Clear, wetmixturehomon/a Salt WaterMurky, wet, salty mixtureheteron/a VinegarClear, wet musky mixturehomon/a Grape DrinkPurple, translucent mixtureheteron/a Lemonade with Pulp Murky, yellowmixtureheteron/a Crime Scene Liquid Clear, wetpuren/acompound

14. Data (continued) WrapObservationsPure or MixtureHomogeneous or Heterogeneous Element or Compound PlasticPurple, smooth, rigid mixturehomon/a AluminumSmall, shiny, flatpuren/aelement ZincShiny, grey, flat, smooth puren/aelement CopperDull, brown, small, smooth puren/aelement IronGrey, shiny, smallpuren/aelement SulfurSmelly, dull, yellow puren/aelement Crime Scene Wrap Shiny, grey, smallpuren/aelement

15. Data (continued) PowderObservations Pure or MixtureHomogeneous or Heterogeneous Element or Compound SucroseCoarse, whitemixturehomon/a Baking SodaClumped, white, powdery mixturehomon/a Sodium Polyacrylate Coarse, whitemixturehomon/a Ascorbic AcidOrange-white, clumped mixturehomon/a Sodium Chloride Coarse, whitemixturehomon/a Crime Scene Powder Coarse, whitemixturehomon/a

16. Data (continued) Hot DogObservations Pure or MixtureHomogeneous or Heterogeneous Element or Compound PorkSkin colored, smooth mixturehomon/a Light PorkBrown-orange, smooth mixturehomon/a Fat FreeLight brown, smooth mixturehomon/a Crime Scene Hot Dog Skin colored, smooth mixturehomon/a

17. Data (continued) DrinksDensityConductivityColorOdorFlammabilityChemical Water1highclearnothingnonno AlcoholLess than 1lowclearbitteryesno Salt WaterMore than 1very highclearnothingnonno VinegarLess than 1highclearsournonyes Grape DrinkMore than 1very highpurplegrape scentnonyes Lemonade with Pulp More than 1highyellowlemonade scent nonyes Crime Scene Liquid 1highclearnothingnonno

18. Data (continued) WrapMalleabilityLusterDensityConductivityReactivity Zincyes 1.8 g/mlvery highno Sulfurno 1.75 g/mlnoneno Plasticyesmed0.2 g/mlnoneno Ironyes 3 g/mlvery highyes Aluminumyes 2 g/mlhighsomewhat Coppersomewhatno3 g/mlvery highno Crime Scene Wrap yes 3 g/mlvery highyes

19. Data (continued) PowderSolubilityMeltingConductivityReactivityFlammability Ascorbic Acidnoyesmediumno Sodium Chlorineyesnohighno Sucroseyes lownono (yellowed a bit) Baking Sodayesnovery highyesno Sodium Polyacrylateno (water was absorbed) novery highYes (it hardens) no Crime Scene Powderyes lowno

20. Data (continued) Hot DogPre-squeeze mass Post-squeeze mass conductivitydensityreactivity Pork8.9 g8.5 ghigh1.001 g/mlyes (blackened) Light Pork11.7 g10.8 glight1.063 g/mlno Fat Free9.6 g8 ghigh1.06 g/mlyes (blackened) Crime Scene Mass 9.2 g8.5 ghigh1.001 g/mlyes (blackened)

21. Data (continued) Density in g/ml

22. Conclusion The student’s hypothesis was incorrect; Lord Voldemort did not poison Buzz Lightyear, as my data shows. The student now knows that if the properties of Ariel’s items are the same as the properties of the items found at the crime scene, then it was she who poisoned Buzz, as that means it was her items found at the crime scene. The student was right about how, ”if certain items’ properties match the crime scene items’ properties, then that person is guilty,” as Ariel’s items match the crime scene items, making her guilty. An interesting point in the data is that the crime scene materials’ properties didn’t exactly match with Ariel’s, but were close enough so that they were her items. The student attributes this to the laws of unpredictability.

23. Conclusion (continued) Some of the limitations of the student’s equipment were that the student couldn’t squeeze all of the juice out of a hot dog with a paper towel. Furthermore, the student could not figure out the exact density of the crime scene wrap, as the mass scale recorded it as zero grams. However, the student knew that the other properties matched iron, so we recorded the density as about the same. Since this student’s experiment was to simply discover who tried to murder Buzz Lightyear, the student can only think of one other experiment: What did the suspect poison Buzz with? This student discovered the following facts about hydrochloric acid, the acid used to discover an object’s reactivity, ” Hydrochloric Acid… is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid… is one of the least hazardous strong acids to handle.“ The student found this out here: Hydrochloric Acid, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. September 26 th 2010, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric acid<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric acid

24. The End