1. I. The Rise of the Royal State II. The Crises of the Royal State
III. The Zenith of the Royal State
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2. I. The Rise of the Royal State
A. Divine Kings
Personal rule > administrator Van Dyck, Rubens, Velazquez Francis Bacon, Ben Jonson
Shakespeare
Monarchy and law Divine-right theory King James VI Jean Bodin
B. The Court and the Courtiers
Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIII Olivares, Philip IV Duke of Buckingham, James I, Charles I assassinated, 1628
C. The Taxing Demands of War
France, paulette Spain, milliones
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3. II. The Crises of the Royal State
A. The Need to Resist
Famine, plague, war French Nu-Pieds: salt tax Midland Revolt of 1607, England: enclosures Italy: food taxes, 1647
B. The Right to Resist
Resistance Theory Huguenots, French Wars of Religion Luther and Calvin Philippe Duplessis-Mornay Jesuit Juan de Mariana John Milton Portuguese, Catalonians against Philip IV France, Mazarin, new taxes Fronde, suppressed, 1652
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4. Analyze the Visual Evidence
Rumor has it that Louis XIV was very taken with Anthony van Dyck’s portrait of Charles I.
Although the French king had no intention of allowing history to repeat itself (like, you know, getting beheaded) he nevertheless recommended as a model this portrait to his own painter, Hyacinthe Rigaud.
What do these portraits, together, suggest about how these monarchs viewed themselves and their role?
How might one argue that, based on the visual evidence, Louis sought, with his own portrait, to enhance the image of the absolute monarch?
Consider:
What is the setting of each portrait?
How are the monarchs standing, dressed? What about expressions?
What, if any, personality is revealed?
2 Portraits: 2 Absolute Monarchs – How do they want to be perceived!

5. What James I Wore The English Civil War
II. The Crises of the Royal State
C. The English Civil War
James I
Charles I
Puritans , church reforms > resistance , English invade
The Long Parliament , Charles I declares war , Naseby
What James I Wore
The English Civil War
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6. II. The Crises of the Royal State
D. The English Revolutions
1647, London Presbyterians
Sir Thomas Fairfax, Oliver Cromwell Parliament purged > Rump Parliament Charles I tried, beheaded, 1649
Oliver Cromwell The Instrument of Government
> Lord Protector
1658, death
1660, Stuarts James II
“Glorious Revolution”
William III and Mary II Declaration of Rights (1689) The Toleration Act
John Locke’s Two Treatises on Civil Government (1690)
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7. Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan
No arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.
The Papacy is not other than the Ghost of the deceased Roman Empire, sitting crowned upon the grave thereof.
The condition of man…is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.
Written in 1651, Leviathan is considered by many to be the foundation of modern, western political philosophy.
What view of “man in a state of nature” does Hobbes appear to have?
What prescription might he have had for his country?
What legacy do you think has left us?
Thomas Hobbes: A Voice of Absolutism
How might people who supported Parliament over the monarch have argued against Hobbes?
They might say that a body such as Parliament can provide the “common power” necessary for society to function properly.

8. III. The Zenith of the Royal State
A. The Nature of Absolute Monarchy
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651)
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9. Expansion of Russia under Peter the Great
III. The Zenith of the Royal State
B. Absolutism in the East
Frederick William the Great
Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia Peter I the Great Defeats Sweden, Poltava, 1709
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10. III. The Zenith of the Royal State
C. The Origins of French Absolutism
Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIII raison d'etat intendants
D. Louis le Grand, Louis XIV
Cardinal Jules Mazarin Louis XIV, personal rule Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Minister of Finance Marquis de Louvois, Minister of War
The Court of Versailles
Edict of Nantes, revoked, 1685
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11. How did Versailles help Louis achieve this goal?
L’état, c’est moi.
How does this transparency illustrate the central role that Louis XIV played?
How did Versailles help Louis achieve this goal?

12. French Absolutism Successes Failures Successes
Ended religious civil war bringing order, stability back
Colbert’s mercantilist policies brought in vast revenues.
Military reforms created an unrivaled military power.
Glittering court served as a model for other absolutist monarchs across Europe
Failures
Absolutist policies: Un roi, une loi, une foi (One king, one law, one faith) led to Revocation of Edict of Nantes 1685 which drained France of some of its most productive citizens.
Extravagance of court and continuous wars bankrupted France
French nobility became a parasite with little experience in governance at either local or national level.
Dependant on the strength of the ruler, France suffered under less talented kings.

13. From Renaissance to Revolution
Week of 10/14
Complete in-class activities
Review for Cumulative AP Practice Test, Chp
Assignments
Due by 10/21
Notes :
View Bucholz lectures, 9-12
Read Baroque Art, (photocopies) Annotated Mona Lisa
and Reminders
Sat. Seminar, 10/15 from 8-11 (AP Test 1, may substitute a grade)
Sat. Seminar, Nov. 19
Sat. Seminar, Dec. 17
Mid-term Exam: Sat., Jan. 7
Expansion of France
From Renaissance to Revolution

14. Assignments Due Mon. 10/17 Read Chapter 17
Complete 1 part of collaborative study guide.
to designated coordinator, who will provide specific instructions.