1. Animal Unit Ms. Skinner

2.  Alveoli—the part of the udder that manufactures milk.  Bos indicus—humped cattle found in tropical countries.  Bos taurus—domestic cattle originating from the Aurochs or Celtic Shorthorn.  BST—a hormone produced naturally by the pituitary gland of the cow  BSE—degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system of cattle. (aka Mad Cow)  Bull—A male bovine of any age that has not been castrated.

3.  Calf—a beef animal under one year of age.  Castration—the removal of testicles of a male animal.  Cattle—beef animals over one year of age.  Cow—a female bovine that has had one or more calves; or an older female that has matured.  Cow Index—in dairy cattle, a method of evaluating the genetic value of dairy cows  Dewlap—hanging fold of skin under the neck of animals. (cattle & goats)

4.  Feeder Calf—a weaned calf that is under on year of age and is sold to be fed for more growth.  Grass-fed—a diet of completely grasses or pasture feed.  Heifer—a female bovine that as now had a calf or has not matured.  Marbling—the presence and distribution of fat and lean in a cut of meat.  Polled—not having horns.  Reproduction—the production of offspring.

5.  Roughage—a feed containing more than 18% crude fiber when dry. Ex: hay, silage, pasture  Slaughter calves—calves that are between 3 months and one year of age when slaughtered.  Steer—a male bovine that is castrated before reaching sexual maturity.  Teat—the outlet for milk produced in the udder.  Udder—the milk- producing gland of mammals.  Veal—calves younger than 3 months of age sold for slaughter.

6.  The Spanish brought the first longhorn cattle to America.

7.  European dairy cattle arrived in Jamestown Colony and helped end sever starvation.

8.  2 Devon Heifers & 1 Devon Bull imported to Plymouth Colony from Britain.

9.  Dolly Madison served ice cream at the white House inaugural ball.

10.  First Hereford cattle imported to the United States by Henry Clay of Kentucky.

11.  Massachusetts breeder purchased one of the first Holstein cows from a Dutch sailing master at Boston.

12.  George Grant transported 4 Angus bulls from Scotland to Victoria, Kansas.

13.  Commercial pasteurization machines were first introduced.

15.  Meat Steak Some sausages Brisket Roasts Ground beef  Dairy Milk Ice cream Yogurt Butter Cheese

19.  History: From the Netherlands. Breed is 2,000 years old.  Characteristics: Good mothers, cattle poster child.  Main Uses: Milk production

21.  History: Originated in England. First purebred in US in 1840.  Characteristics: Good mothering, good to cross, good in cold conditions  Main Uses: Beef production

23.  History: Originated on Isle of Jersey. Earliest US importation to US in 1815.  Characteristics: Good mothering  Main Uses: Milk production

25.  History: Earliest known in 1700s. Moved to Midwestern states, popular in range areas.  Characteristics: Good beef, good mothering, easy to crossbreed.  Main Uses: High-quality, well-marbled meat.

27.  History: Crossbreed between Brahman and Hereford  Characteristics: Good mothering, insect tolerant, survive in droughts  Main Uses: Beef

29.  History: Brought in from Spanish. Almost went extinct in 1900s.  Characteristics: Low-cholesterol meat, good in drought, symbol of Texas  Main Uses: Pets & Beef

33.  1. What is defined as “in dairy cattle, a method of evaluating the genetic value of dairy cows”?  2. In what year did Dolly Madison served ice cream at the White House inaugural ball?  3. Which breed is from the Netherlands. Breed is 2,000 years old?  4. Which breed was earliest US imported to US in 1815?

34.  5. Which breed is a good mother, good to cross, good in cold conditions?  6. Which breed is a cross between a Brahman and Hereford?  7. Which breed is known as a symbol of Texas?  8. Which breed is known for their high-quality, well-marbled meat?

35. 9.

36. 10.