1. The Earliest Texans By: Patricia Chacón

2. Key Questions What does it take to change the world? How did Spanish and French exploration lead to European settlement in Texas? How were Texan Native American tribes changed by European exploration? How does the Spanish Heritage continue in Texas today?

3. Europeans Explore the World Power and Wealth European rulers believed that having an empire added to a country’s power and wealth. The Spanish sought more land for their empire after Cortes defeated the Aztecs and found great wealth.

4. Europeans Explore the World Trade Many European countries were rich and powerful by controlling trade. Trade goods included jewels, gold, silk and spices.

5. Europeans Explore the World New Inventions Europeans wanted to continue trading by faster and safer routes. The astrolabe helped sailors figure out where they were by using the positions of stars in the sky.

6. European Exploration Expeditions Alonzo Alvarez de Piñeda Panfilo de Narvaez Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca

7. European Exploration Conquistadores Hernan Cortez Francisco Pizarro

8. Spanish Settlement in Texas Missions The first mission, Ysleta, was near El Paso. They were run by Catholic priests. Missions were surrounded by walls and included houses, workplaces, a school, and a church. Missions also had farms and ranches.

9. Spanish Settlement in Texas Presidios Soldiers that arrived with the missionaries protected the people living in and near the missions. They built forts or presidios for protection. Presidio La Bahia in Goliad.

10. Spanish Settlements in Texas Early Towns San Antonio de Bexar, a Spanish settlement, began as a mission and presidio. The Spanish government offered free land, money, and supplies to people who would live in the new town.

11. Spanish Heritage in Texas Spanish place names still exist Historical sites or state parks San Jacinto Monument Goliad State Park and Mission Espiritu Santo

12. Spanish Heritage in Texas Spanish Holidays January 1stAño Nuevo January 6thDia de los Muertos March 19San Jose (Father’s Day) variableViernes Santo (Good Friday) variableDia de Pascua (Easter Sunday) May 1 st Dia del Trabajo Oct. 12 th Dia de la Hispanidad (Columbus Day) Nov. 1stTodos los Santos (All Saints Day)

13. Spanish Heritage in Texas Spanish architecture Ranches

14. Works Cited www.unitedstreaming.com www.tpwd.state.tx.us/spdest/findadest/parks/san_jacinto_battleground/