1. TEXAS HISTORY 1 st 9 weeks

2. Native Texans Native Texans Click on the unit title below Geography Exploration Spanish Texas Spanish Texas

3. Geography

4. geography Study of the earth’s surface and the people who live there

5. climate Expected weather based on the past trends

6. location Where something is/can be found

7. place A location’s unique characteristic

8. Human environment relationship Humans change and are changed by the world

9. region An area that has something in common http://www.cementx.org/residential/texasregions2.gif

10. migrate To move from one place to another

11. Geography Texas is divided into regions based on geography. San Antonio is located in the South Texas Plains region of Texas. Many people migrate here because of the warm climate. Texas has places that include beaches, mountains, and rivers. Our human environment relationships are the ways we dress for the hot weather in the summer and build things like the San Antonio Riverwalk.

12. Native Texans

13. prehistoric Before written history

14. nomad Person or group who moves around with no permanent home

15. artifact An object created by someone in the past

16. culture The way of life of a group of people that includes clothing, language, food, sports, religion, celebrations and art.

17. customs Practices (actions) of a group of people

18. Native Texas Prehistoric groups of Texas did not have a written language. So, we study them through the items they left behind. Artifacts we have found include drawings and tools. We use these items to understand their customs and culture. For example, we have found that some groups were nomads.

19. Exploration

20. conquistador A Spanish explorer

21. expedition A group trip with a purpose (usually to find something) I am looking for Gold! God will help me! I will be famous and rich!

22. Christopher Columbus Explored North America and Caribbean islands for Spain. His voyages made others want to colonize the new land.

23. Cabeza da Vaca Spanish explorer survived a shipwreck and lived with native people. He went on to explore Texas. North America

24. Hernando Cortez Spanish explorer who conquered the Aztecs in present day Mexico. North America

25. Alonso de Pineda Spanish explorer who sailed and mapped the coastline of Texas. North America Europe

26. Rene Robert Cavelier Sier de La Salle French explorer who sailed down the Mississippi River, started Fort St. Louis and claimed a large part of North America for France. North America

27. Francisco Coronado Spanish explorer who traveled from present day Mexico north to Kansas in search of gold. North America

28. Canary Islands Spanish colony where people were asked to move to Texas.

29. Esteban Shipwrecked with Cabeza da Vaca and then became the first black man in Texas.

30. 1718 The Spanish Mission San Antonio de Valero (the Alamo) is founded.

31. Exploration Starting in the 1500s, Europeans began to explore the unknown parts of the world after Columbus came to North America. The Spanish, French, and English sent explorers. The French explorer who came to Texas was La Salle. He started a settlement called Fort St. Louis. The Spanish conquistadors Coronado, Cortez, Pineda, and da Vaca with Esteban went on expeditions in what is to today Texas and Mexico claiming land for their country and looking for gold. After claiming land, the Spanish had natives of the Canary Islands move to Texas to live. The Spanish built the Alamo mission in San Antonio in 1718.

32. Spanish Texas

33. colony Land claimed by another country MINE COLONY

34. colonization The act of claiming lands for a country THAT IS MINE!

35. empire A large group of colonies belonging to the same country. IT IS ALL MINE X X X X X X XX X X X = colonies

36. mission A settlement built to spread Christianity

37. presidio Forts built for protection

38. civil settlement A village made of people who were not priests or soldiers

39. rancho A ranch usually where animals are raised

40. vaquero A hired cowboy

41. Roman Catholic A branch of Christianity who follow the Pope

42. friar A person who works for the Roman Catholic Church

43. viceroy Leader/governor of a colony (works for the king) You work for me!

44. alcalde Mayor or judge in Spanish towns

45. assimilate To participate in or adjust to the culture of the new place or group Before After Spanish Native

46. frontier Area where people have not settled frontier

47. Spanish Texas During exploration and colonization, New Spain became a colony of Spain. It became part of the Spanish Empire. Texas was a part of this colony. They made missions for the Roman Catholic friars, presidios for protection in the frontier, civil settlements for citizens, and ranchos where vaqueros tended cattle. The Spanish throne ruled New Spain with the help of the viceroy and alcalde. Spanish culture spread. Natives were expected to assimilate into their new culture. This included becoming a Roman Catholic.

48. Conflicts of Empire

49. revolution To replace the government with a new one

50. Louisiana Purchase Land purchased from France in 1803 Land purchased

51. Napoleon French leader who sold French claims in North America I will sell it!

52. Thomas Jefferson US President who made the Louisiana Purchase from France I will buy it!

53. neutral ground Land that does not belong to either side GROUP 1 GROUP 2

54. filibuster An adventurer who engages in rebellious activity in a foreign country. Hey! Let’s steal all the government’s horses tomorrow! Yee- haw! That will show ‘em!

55. Conflicts of Empire England, France and Spain had colonies in North America. Then, the British colonies had a revolution and became the country of the United States of America. When Jefferson was President of the U.S., he paid Napoleon for the French lands of North America. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States. As the US grew, neutral ground shrunk. Sometimes people caused the borders to cause trouble. They were called filibusters.