1. Human Environment Interaction
12.3

2. The Netherlands is a country that historically is associated with water management. For survival, the Dutch had to be inventive and developed a highly sophisticated manner to live with water. The high population density (465 persons/ square mile) combined with an economy largely related to transport, navigation and ports, results in pressure on space and environment that has to be managed carefully.
Proportion of the country’s GDP generated below sea level: 70%.
Rainfall: 880 mm/year
Evaporation: 500 mm/year.
Forty percent of the Netherlands was once under the sea

3. Dutch need land for growing population
Polder – reclaiming land by Diking
Seawork – structures used to control the oceans destructive impact

4. Dutch also Created Terpens which are elevated land that provide safety for people during floods
The Dutch also created freshwater lakes which became known as Zuider Zee
Part of the lake was drained and is now known as Ijsselmeer

5. 120 Islands makes up Venice

7. Builders are using wooden pilings to help support the buildings on top of the swampy land. The buildings are so heavy that it is causing Venice to sink
Forests were cleared around Venice for the wood. This caused mass deforestation around Italy and Slovenia

8. Venice Problems Pollution now threatens Venice
Floods also pose a problem for the city
Sinking
Algae

9. Acid Rain and Deforestation
Acid Rain forms when sulfur emissions from factories and water vapor combine
Affects ¼ of all European Forests. Scandinavian forests are hit hard because prevailing winds blow in that direction