1. http://www.scadaonweb.com The EPISTLE Reference Data Library an ontology for the Process Industry David Leal, CAESAR Systems Limited

2. 2 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com EPISTLE - major sponsors and members EPISTLE PISTEP 2000 (UK)   BNFL   bp   Conoco   Foster Wheeler Energy   Shell POSC Caesar (Norway)   Cadcentre   Det Norske Veritas   FMC Kongsberg Subsea   Intergraph   Norsk Hydro   Statoil USPI-NL (The Netherlands)   ABB   Akzo Nobel   Fluor Daniel   NAM   Shell EPISTLE: European Process Industry STEP Technical Liaison Executive STEP : STandard for the Exchange of Product data (ISO 10303)

3. 3 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com What sort of thing is it? MANUFACTURERS DRAWING 32 30 STUDBOLTS 1”UNC, 5 1/ 2 ” ASTM A453 GR660 EN10204/2.2 64 31 NUTS 1”UNC ASTM A453 GR660 EN10204/2.2 2 29 SUPPORT BRACKET 6-194-4 ENGINEERING DATASHEET 07.1 Bolts/External Flnges ASTM A 453M GR660, TP1 (3.1B) 07.1 Nuts External Flanges ASTM A 453M GR660, TP1 (3.1B) 07.1 Brackets/Supports BS 1501-316-S11__________ (3.1.B) ASTM A 453/A 453M - 660 CLASS A ISO 15926 REFERENCE DATA LIBRARY Need one place to store the meaning and map between different terminology Acknowledgements to POSC/CAESAR

4. 4 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Our starting point  STEP - ISO 10303  STandard for the Exchange of Product data  shape  FEA (Finite Element Analysis)  PDM (Product Data Management)  special models forshipbuilding, plant spatial layout, electrical design  engineering semantics - what things or relationships are  real world vs designs/classes/specifications  Parts Libraries - ISO 13584  families of standard parts  a methodology for unique part identification  some use of set theory ?  Complicated, ad-hoc information models - result of a learning process begun in 1984 not web

5. 5 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com ISO 15926  Life cycle data for process plants  including floating, flying, and with wheels  simple basic model extended by class libraries (i.e. ontologies)  STEP technology - EXPRESS  Entity/Relationship language - similar to UML (static class diagram)  simple exchange file representation  API - bindings to C, C++, Java  XML representation - horrible  Consequences  hard wired information model - voted on by ISO, and not easily extensible  extension by standard instances held in external files (class libraries) - also standardised by ISO - externally maintained registry with continuous revision ERDL

6. 6 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com A thermowell Acknowledgements to POSC/CAESAR

7. 7 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Thermowell (Dry Well) POC (01.01.08) Functional Parts Physical Parts Subclasses Properties Thermowell Estimated Dry Weight Measured Dry Weight Thermowell stem Thermowell Process Connection Internal thread Thermowell Instrument Connection Thermowell insertion length Thermowell standout length Thermowell lag length Thermowell total length Thermowell internal bore Welded (Weld-in) Thermowell Flanged Thermowell Screwed Thermowell Van Stone Thermowell Tapered Stem Thermowell Stepped Stem Thermowell Socket Weld Thermowell Welded Flange Thermowell Solid Forged Flanged Thermowell Straight Stem Thermowell NORSOK I-001 Rev. 3 T01 Thermowell ISA S20T2501 Thermowell

8. 8 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Thermowell Stem (Dry Well) POC (01.01.08) Physical Wholes Properties Subclasses Thermowell stem larger outside diameter Thermowell stem tip outside diameter Upper limit thermowell stem outside diameter Thermowell stem tip thickness Thermowell NORSOK I-001 Rev. 3 T01 Thermowell stem NORSOK I-001 Rev. 3 T01 Thermowell Thermowell internal bore Wake / natural frequency ratio ISA S20T2501 Thermowell Stem ISA S20T2501 Thermowell Thermowell stem outside diameter at support Thermowell Stem Tapered Thermowell Stem Stepped Thermowell Stem Straight Thermowell Stem

9. 9 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Part type and materials crankshaft V6 crankshaft Rover 75 crankshaft Rover 75 crankshaft rev1.2 rotating part engine part machined-surface part unmachined-surface part part with oil holes cast iron SG cast iron crankshaft SG cast iron SG cast iron grade XYZ

10. 10 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com ECM and ERDL (ISO 15926) Structure Conceptual Engineering Design Conceptual Process Design Detailed Process Design Detailed Engineering Design Procurement Construction Commissioning Maintenance Property Classes Activity Classes Standardised in ISO 15926-2 Basic concepts Product catalogs represented using ISO 15926 Commodity Classes Manufactured Item Classes Standardised by e.g. ISO /IEC/ ANSI/ BS/DIN, represented using ISO 15926 Standard Classes Physical Object Classes Common terminology Core Classes Standardised in ISO 15926-4 WD

11. 11 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com ERDL - size of the problem  basic concepts ~ 200  core classes ~2000  first release of standard classes ~ 20000 - more to come  commodity classes ~ 1 million for big owner-operator  manufactured items ~ ? product/artifact, activity, state, composition, connection thermowell, pump, pipe, flange, raised face flange ISAS20T2501 thermowell A design/specification is a class.

12. 12 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com ERDL - how to define the classes  basic concepts ~ 200  core classes ~2000  first release of standard classes ~ 20000  commodity classes ~ 1 million for big owner-operator  manufactured items ~ ? information modellers - theoreticians with an industry background teams of domain experts - initial tutorials from the information modellers heat transfer team, piping team, rotating equipment team, etc. further work by domain experts conversion of existing standards - using standard procedures uptake of methodology by industry

13. 13 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com dictionary Key concepts  product/artefact  product life segment/activity  product at instant/state A distribution of matter through space and time, that is regarded as the whole life of an object by some business process A product for a particular period of time. A product at an instant in time. start with real world things: then sets/classes of real world things; then classes of class, etc.

14. 14 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com ERDL Scope  piping  valves  rotating equipment  heat exchangers  electrical machinery  electrical distribution  instruments  connections  activities (for plant design, operation, maintenance)  civil/structural  documents (for plant design, operation, maintenance)  properties (for classes defined above)  units core classes in each area

15. 15 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Some experiences  keep the hierarchy flat - without two many intermediate layer  not a strict hierarchy, but a directed graph  intermediate abstractions are 'woolly'  people argue about them endlessly product rotating equipment pumpexpander Is this really needed? Does it have a precise definition?  

16. 16 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Use of classification of class  Makes 'woolly' classes less visible  but still there - power set product pumpexpander  rotating equipment class    indicates the responsible team of domain experts

17. 17 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Use of classification of class  Filtering for drill down product thermowell  instrument class  generic class  ISAS20T2501  instrument class  standard class  ISA class   J. Bloggs model XYZ  manufacturer class J. Bloggs class  

18. 18 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Rules for the development of class libraries  Stick to classes with precise definitions  write the text definitions as you go  Do not add 'collector' classes to structure the class library  Use classification of class to provide structure  Some classes can be defined by set theory and property contraints.  It is not practical to do this for all classes.  Text definition of the form: 'A xxx is a that.'

19. 19 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Intersection of classes cast part engine part cast engine part A complete definition of 'cast engine part' without words!

20. 20 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Intersection of classes cast part engine part Two subset relationships are not a complete definition! cylinder block

21. 21 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com core model Class hierarchy thing physical object ‘product’ / artefact product for a period of time product at an instant in time thermowell flanged thermowellscrewed thermowellwelded thermowell the one in my plant is one of these

22. 22 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Recording real world objects  The part with serial number 98/1234 is an instance of screwed thermowell  The part with serial number 98/1234 is an instance of product, classified as a screwed thermowell 98/1234 98/1234 XML equivalent to the EXPRESS implementation

23. 23 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com core model Dictionary thing class of physical object class of ‘product’ / artefact class of product for a period of time class of product at an instant in time class thermowell is one of these screwed thermowell is one of these

24. 24 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Recording classes  Screwed thermowell is an instance of class of product  Relationship to the class ‘Product’ is implicit. Screwed thermowell Thermowell XML equivalent to the EXPRESS implementation

25. 25 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Relationships and constraints ISA S20T2501T ISA S20T2501TS 1 part 1 whole stem ISA S20T2501 stemcomposition Each ‘ISA S20T2501T’ Thermowell has one ‘ISA S20T2501TS’ Thermowell stem as a part. thermowell thermowell stem 1 part 1 whole thermowell stem composition Each thermowell has one thermowell stem as a part. productcomposition * part * whole Each product has zero, one or many products as parts.

26. 26 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Individual and class models productcomposition * part * whole class of product class of composition * part * whole my_thermowell my_thermowell_stem my_thermowell_stem is part of my_thermowell thermowell thermowell_stem thermowell_stem is part of thermowell allowed cardinality classification

27. 27 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com ScadaOnWeb variables positions states/times semantics gigabytes of structured data extract and download subsets Define semantics of process monitoring data with respect to web ontologies

28. 28 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Next steps for EPISTLE  Exploit the current standards  EXPRESS tools are mature, and scalable (but expensive)  But  Ontologies need publication and management  Why develop EXPRESS based tools for ontology publication and management, when there is a much bigger community out there  Currently  class libraries held as files corresponding to the ISO 15926 EXPRESS schema  tools support import/export from a simple EXCEL spreadsheet  class library development uses EXCEL  Future  domain class libraries published as an ontology on the web  retain use of EXCEL by domain experts  ISO 15926 basic concepts as a web ontology ? WonderWeb ScadaOnWeb

29. 29 GbR mbH © http://www.scadaonweb.com Conclusions  Large body of work - searching for a formal representation on the web  Generic tools needed for access and maintenance  merging libraries are particular problem  Multi-layer structure  need a consistent format for all levels  no sharp distinction between data and meta-data (a design is a class) www.epistle.wswww.posccaesar.orgwww.uspi.nl for more information