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MAJOR BATTLES OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR
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STARTER – SEPTEMBER 17TH What were the advantages and disadvantages of both the British and American colonists during the Revolutionary War?
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STARTER – SEPTEMBER 18TH Explain the battles of Tincoderoga, Bunker’s Hill, Trenton, Princeton, or Saratoga (choose one).
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THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE The United States first needed to declare independence from Great Britain. Thomas Jefferson, at the young age of 33, wrote the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. That is why we celebrate Independence Day on July 4th. This is the day that the United States of America declared their independence from King George and Great Britain.
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THE WAR IN THE NORTH Patriots drive British from Boston, NYC Britain gets serious about war, sends huge amount of troops, ships, supplies Britain kicks patriots out of NYC Begins a year of defeats for Washington and Continentals
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FORT TICONDEROGA -1775 Key strategic location in New York Ethan Allen and about 125 Green Mountain boys attacked fort The Fort was taken without firing a shot British officers and women and children were captured Cannons were taken from Ticonderoga to Boston Henry Knox: American Army top artillery commander Major hero of American Revolution
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BUNKER HILL -1775 Red Coats victorious in third charge Americans ran out of ammunition Moral victory for American Army Costliest battle for British during whole war British casualties 1,054 American casualties 441 British began to get nervous Washington took command of the army two weeks after this battle
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TRENTON Dec. 25, 1776 Continentals are in bad shape after many losses, casualties, few supplies Most soldiers enlistments ending (enlistments last for one year, desertion a problem) If Washington does not take immediate action the revolution is likely over
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TRENTON Washington’s bold plan- cross Delaware River on Christmas night Surprise attack on German Hessians Result: 30 Hessians killed, 918 Captured Result: Only 4 Colonists killed Result: Many guns, ammo captured Result: Major morale boost for Washington and Continental Army
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PRINCETON Jan. 3, 1777 Washington builds on success, attacks 1200 British and captures or kills 1/3 Only 40 Continental casualties Why Trenton Princeton Were Major Victories: 1. Boosted Patriot morale 2. Britain left New Jersey- remains in Patriot hands the rest of the war 3. Continental Army gains much needed supplies and weapons
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SARATOGA Oct. 17, 1777 Part of British Army went to Canada to attack from the North They were to meet up with main British Army in NYC The Continentals defeated the British in several battles around Saratoga British surrendered 5800 men, supplies Is a major turning point in war towards a Patriot victory France sees success, becomes an ally, sending troops and $$ Later Spain becomes ally also
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VALLEY FORGE In late 1777, British force Continentals out of Philadelphia They set up a winter camp at Valley Forge, PA Awful conditions- few supplies, food, improper clothing for winter 1/4 died from starvation, cold, disease
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THE WAR IN THE SOUTH – WHIGS V. TORRIES Whigs: loyal to the Continental Congress Tories: loyal to England- many in the South Much violence between W. and T. in the South British strategy- move war to the South where there were more loyalists, slaves (Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation), tire out Patriots British Army was successful- captured Savannah and Charlestown
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CAMDEN, SC 1780- Worst American Defeat of war British General Cornwallis defeats Patriot General Gates British drew Patriots into a European style battle 1,000 Patriots killed 1,000 Captured
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SWAMP FOX – ALTERED STRATEGY Francis Marion- led a small band patriots on horseback Used guerrilla tactics Cut British supply lines, communications Nathaniel Greene replaces Gates Americans lead British on chase all through South, wasting British time and money
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WAR ON THE FRONTIER George Rogers Clark- 24 yr old Travels through PA, OH, IN, IL Recruits soldiers along the way Captures British forts at Kaskaskea, Vincennes Gave a huge amount of land to the Americans
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FINAL BATTLE - YORKTOWN Oct. 19, 1781 Cornwallis sets up a base on a peninsula at Yorktown, VA Patriots+French surround British by land and sea- begin massive siege Cornwallis surrenders 8,000 British troops- war effectively over
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