1. Today’s Warm-Up! ► Based on what you know about the Roaring 20’s, how would you explain why historians use the word “roaring” to describe this time in U.S. History?  Answer in 3-4 sentences with examples from discussion and notes

2. “Roaring 20’s” Social, Economic and Political Changes in AMERICA during THE 1920S

3. Post WWI Problems/Trends ► Problems in Business:  Recession: ► Wages Stay the Same ► Surplus of Farm Products = Prices Drop ► Shortage of Everyday Goods = Prices Go Up ► Unemployment Increases (2 million Veterans)

4. Post WWI Problems/Trends cont. ► Demobilization:  Reduction in the size of military  Veterans in need of Jobs  Women laid off  Veterans resent Immigrants/African Americans ► Quota System Started allowing a limited number of Immigrants per year)

5. Post WWI Problems/Trends cont. ► Unions & Strikes  Steel Workers Strike (300,000 workers)  Coal Strike (United Mine Workers Union)  Boston Police Strike ► Government Intervenes

6. Problems and Trends cont.. ► US Foreign Policy:  Isolationism ► The belief we should distance ourselves from world affairs & focus on life at home.

7. Problems and Trends cont.. ► Nativism (Xenophobia- prejudice against foreign-born people) ► Red Scare- fear of Communism  Palmer Raids  Sacco & Vanzetti

8. Presidents of the 1920’s ► Style of Leadership:  Much different than the Presidents in the Progressive Era (Active)  “Laissez Faire” ► Laid back approach ► Government Hands off approach ► Let the country (corporations) run itself ► Desire to make money outweighed everything

9. Warren G. Harding- 29 th President, Rep. ► Return to Normalcy ► Kellogg-Briand Pact: agreement which countries promised not to use war to resolve disputes or conflicts ► Teapot Dome Scandal  “Ohio Gang”  Biggest presidential scandal before Watergate (1972)

10. Calvin Coolidge- 30 th President, Rep. ► Nickname: “Silent Cal” ► Completes term of Harding, elected 1924 ► Most Prosperous time of 1920’s ► Urban Population bigger than Rural for the first time in US history!

11. Herbert Hoover- 31 st President, Rep. ► Defeated Alfred Smith (Catholic) in 1928…xenophobia ► Promise: “Chicken in every pot, Car in every garage” ► In office in 1929 “The Crash”

12. Boom Years of 20’s ► 3 Reason’s for the “Boom”: 1st Reason Laissez Faire government hands off business form of Government- very little interference, businesses had a free hand.

13. Boom Years of 20’s ► 3 Reason’s for the “Boom”: 2nd Reason High Tariff Rates- forced people to buy “American” products (problem…Imports/Exports suffer)

14. Boom Years of 20’s ► 3 Reason’s for the “Boom”: 3rd Reason  Low Income Taxes, Higher Wages (people had more money to spend)

15. Example of Success ► Henry Ford:  Produced 15 million Model T’s  Assembly Line kept costs down ($290 for a car)  1927, Ford introduces the Model “A” ($495 for a car)  World’s Automobile Industry #1 in US until 1970!

16. Impact of Automobile ► Steel, Glass, Rubber sales soar ► Oil industry booms ► City Growth (Detroit triples) ► Suburb growth ► Tourism Industry grows ► Jobs, Jobs, Jobs!!!!

17. Economic Problems ► False Economy:  Early 1900’s = borrowing money not respectable  Late 1920’s = payment Plans (90% of goods bought on credit)  Advertising encourages “Buy now, pay later”

18. Review Questions 1. Name 3 of the Post WWI Problems/Trends we discussed and give an example of one 2. Who was 1 president during the “roaring 20’s and what was their leadership approach? 3. What were the 3 reasons for the “Boom” 4. Thought Question: In 2-3 sentences, write why you think historians refer to the 1920’s as the “Roaring 20’s”

19. 1920’s Life ► Prohibition Era:  18 th Amendment made selling buying and consuming alcohol illegal  Came from the Progressive Era (Temperance Mvmt.)  Belief: Alcohol Causes… ► Crime ► Abuse ► Accidents ► Social Problems

20. Enforcing Prohibition ► Volstead Act (law)  Treasury Department  Prohibition Bureau  1,500 agents along with…  Local Police  Problem… ► Not enough agents ► Police not always cooperative ► Not everyone agreed with Prohibition

21. Reaction to Prohibition ► Bootlegging: made illegally or smuggled in ► Al Capone (Chicago)- Public Enemy #1 ► Speakeasies- underground night clubs/saloons ► 18 th Amendment backfires and crime increases video video

22. Women of the 1920’s ► Liberation!!!  19 th Amendment (Vote for Women)  Before 1920 (double standard for women)  Job Opportunities  Re-structured homes  Flappers: emancipated young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes

23. 1920’s Fads ► Radio  First Introduced in 1920  #1 consumer item  1920  1930 = 40% of US had a radio  Connected America (East and West)…news, comedies, dramas, sports

24. 1920’s Fads cont… ► Jazz Age:  New music style of 20’s  First heard in Harlem  “Duke” Ellington, Bessie Smith, Louis Armstrong  “Charleston”- new style of dance video video

25. Harlem Renaissance ► Exposure of Black Culture:  Musicians/Music  Authors  Artists  First time US was exposed to black culture in a positive light video

26. Sports Stars of 20’s  Sports became Much more popular because  of Radio  Baseball still #1  Boxing #2  Women athletes celebrated for first time  Negro League Baseball  Babe Ruth #1 sports celebrity video

27. Other Celebrities ► Charles Lindbergh  First Flight across the Atlantic  New York to Paris  Plane was named Spirit of St.Louis  Biggest celebrity achievement  Amelia Earhart disappears attempting to fly around the world video

28. Urban vs. Rural Conflict Urban CharacteristicsRural Characteristics -Liberal -Experimental -new fashion -resented prohibition, - looked down on Rural -Became majority in the 20’s -Conservative -religious -old-fashioned/traditional -resented changes coming from cities - Became a minority in the 20’s

29. Urban vs. Rural cont… ► Fundamentalist  Deeply religious  Hold on to tradition ► Extreme Fundamentalists  Ku Klux Klan: Extreme fundamentalist group ► 4.5 million members at its peak during the 1920’s

30. Scope’s Monkey Trial ► Rural v. Urban example:  John T. Scopes (teacher, Tennessee)  Taught evolution  Illegal in Tennessee  Case brought national attention ► Theories of Bible vs. Modern Science  Scopes eventually found guilty ($100) video

31. Table of contents 20’s Slang Project Date 1/28/13 Page: 35

32. 20’s Slang Assignment Step 1: Review slang words Step 2: pick a partner (or you can work individually) Step 3: Write a conversation that makes sense between 2 people using the slang vocabulary words 5-9 words=F 5-9 words=F 10-15 slang words used=D 16-20 slang words used=C 21-25 slang words used=B 26-30+ slang words used=A (extra credit)