1. Unit 17 D.H.Lawrence and William Golding

2. Aims of Teaching: 1. Themes and style of Lawrence’s novels
2.   Themes of William Golding’s writings

3. Major Points:
1.  Lawrence’s ideas about modern world and human relationships
2.    Lawrence’s language
3.   William Golding’s themes and allegory

4. I. D.H. Lawrence ( )
1. Introduction: English novelist, story writer, critic, poet and painter, one of the greatest figures in 20th-century English literature.

5. D.H.Lawrence’s Works Sons and Lovers (1913) The Rainbow (1915)
Women in Love (1921),
Aaron's Rod (1922)
Kangaroo (1923)
The Plumed Serpent (1926)
Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928)), the novel caused a sensation and was banned in England and the United States until 1959.
Etruscan Places (1932)
volumes of literary criticism, notably Studies in Classic American Literature (1916).

6. 1. Sons and Lovers
Lawrence's first major novel was also the first in the English language to explore ordinary working-class life from the inside. Using the first edition text, which Lawrence approved, this edition also offers a fresh and stimulating introduction - particularly in its treatment of Lawrence's language and imagery.

7. The Rocking-Horse Winner
It is a short story by D.H. Lawrence. It was first published in July 1926 in Harper’s Bazaar magazine. It subsequently appeared in the first volume of Lawrence's collected short stories.

8. II.  William Golding ( )
Introduction: The Nobel Prize in Literature
"for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today"

9. Golding’s Works Lord of the Flies (novel) 1954
The Inheritors (novel) 1955
Pincher Martin (novel) 1965
The Brass Butterfly (play) 1958
Free Fall (novel) 1959
The Spire (novel) 1964
The Pyramid (novel) 1967
The Scorpion God (three short novels) 1971
Darkness Visible (novel) 1979
Rites of Passage (novel) 1980
The Paper Men (novel) 1984
Close Quarters (novel) 1987
Fire Down Below (novel) 1989

10. Lord of the Flies (1954), 1) A brief introduction to the novel
2) Discussion: themes, images, motifs, style
3)  A summary

11. Brief Summary
A modern allegory, in which a group of school boys are wrecked on a desert island: effects of civilization break down and they return to their essential animal nature (essential nature of all human beings). Two groups fight: one to guard the fire (dreamers and poets, reason, civilization); the other to hunt for food (men of action, irrationality, anarchic nature). Golding liked to set his stories in strange locations or undefined time and place, thus emphasizing the timeless nature and universal significance.

12. Metaphor Analysis
Beast: The beast, the Lord of the Flies, is seen as a real object on the island which frightens the boys. Actually the beast is something internal; the Lord of the Flies is in soul and mind of the boys, leading them to the natural chaos of a society with no reasoning adults. Only Simon understands what the real beast is, but is killed when he tries to tell the boys about the Lord of the Flies.

13. Conch: The conch shell symbolizes the law and order of the old adult world which Piggy tries so desperately to protect. The conch represents all the authority which the boys are so used to obeying. When Roger destroys the conch, anarchy quickly ensues because any hope of strong, central leadership has been abandoned. The island society collapses into chaos.
Facepaint: This is the excuse many of the boys use for living as hunting savages, instead of civilized English citizens. The paint symbolizes the smoke-screen the beast uses to infiltrate the boys’ souls.

14. Fire/Smoke: The smoke of the signal fire symbolizes the last best hope of the boys being rescued. To Piggy and Ralph, the fire represents the moral influence of their old life in England. When the fire goes out, Ralph loses his bearings, unsure of his next move. The fire is diatonically opposed to hunting, the activity of anarchy on the island.
Island: Golding purposefully picked an island to be the landing place of the crashed plane because an island is isolated from the rest of society. The boys have no contact with the outside world and must look to themselves to solve the problems of their own micro-society. In this way, the island, which symbolizes isolation, serves as a perfect backdrop for the frailties of human nature which eventually surface.