1. What is a solution?

2. Vocabulary Heterogeneous Mixture Homogeneous Mixture Precipitate
Solute
Solution
Solvent
Substance

3. Use Your Noodle! Think About It:
Write the following in your science notebook:
Think About It:
Do you add sugar to your tea? How do you know that the white substance will make your drink sweeter?
Use Your Noodle!

4. What are atoms, elements, and substances?
Atoms – Basic building block of matter
Each has its own chemical and physical properties
These properties are determined by the number of protons the atom has
Elements – A pure substance
Cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
The number of protons in an element cannot change unless the element changes

5. What are atoms, elements, and substances?
Substances- Matter that has the same fixed makeup and properties throughout.
Cannot be broken down into simpler parts by physical process.
Example – water
Can freeze, boil, stir and filter water, but it is still water
Only way to change a substance is by chemical process.

6. Substances
Water, salt water and pulpy orange juice are all different liquids.
Differences are explained by chemistry
Example – Water
Can be frozen, melted or boiled
Is still water

7. Substances Salt water Pulpy orange juice
What happens when you boil salt water?
The water turns into a gas and leaves salt behind.
Pulpy orange juice
What happens when you strain orange juice?
It looses it’s pulp but it is still orange juice.
How does chemistry explain these differences?
Has to do with the chemical makeup of these materials

8. Examples of Physical and Chemical Processes
Physical Processes
(do not change substances)
Chemical Processes
(do change substances)
Boiling
Burning
Changing pressure
Reacting with other chemicals
Cooling
Reacting with light
Sorting

9. #1 Use Your Noodle! Explain:
Write the following in your Science Notebook: #1
Explain:
How do physical processes differ from chemical processes?
You have 3 MINUTES!
Use Your Noodle!

10. What are compounds?
Compound – A substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined.
Example – Water
The makeup of a compound is always the same
Example – water molecule always has two H atoms combined with one O atom
All water, whether frozen, liquid, or vapor has the same ratio of H atoms to O atoms.

11. #2 Use Your Noodle! Classify:
Write the following in your Science Notebook: #2
Classify:
Why is water a compound and not an element?
You have 2 MINUTES!
Use Your Noodle!

12. Mixtures Imagine drinking a glass of salt water.
You’d know right away it wasn’t pure water
Salt water is not a pure substance
It is a mixture of salt and water
Mixtures – are made when two or more substances come together but do not chemically bond together to make a new substance
Can be separated
Example – boil salt water and you can separate the two

13. Mixtures
Mixtures do not contain an exact amount of each substance like a compound.
Example – Lemonade can be strong or weak tasting
Depends on how much lemon juice is added to the water
Can also be sweet or sour, depending on how much sugar is added.
No matter how strong, weak, sweet or sour, it is still lemonade.

14. What are heterogeneous mixtures?
Some mixtures are easy to see
Example – Watermelon
Mixture of fruit and seeds but are not mixed evenly
Heterogeneous mixture – a mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly
Usually easy to tell apart
Example – Bowl of cereal with milk

15. What are homogeneous mixtures?
When you mix sugar and water together you don’t see the sugar particles floating in the water
Homogeneous mixture – two or more substances in which the molecules mix evenly but do not bond together
Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a Solution

16. Write the following in your Science Notebook:#3
How would you describe the sugar and water molecules in a solution of sugar water?
Not mixed evenly
Combined
Mixed evenly
Compounded
You have 1 MINUTE!
Use Your Noodle!

17. How Solutions Form
When you mix sugar and water together, you can’t see the sugar particles in the water.
The sugar doesn’t actually disappear.
Sugar molecules spread out until they are evenly spaced throughout the water molecules, forming a solution
This is called dissolving

18. Dissolving
Solute
Solvent
The substance in a solution that dissolves or seems to disappear, is called the Solute
The substance that dissolves the solute in a solution is the Solvent
In the sugar water solution, the sugar is the solute and water is the solvent

19. How can solids form from solutions?
Sometimes a solute can come back out of a solution and form a solid.
This process is called Crystallization

20. Crystallization Happens because of a physical change
Example – when a solution is cooled
Can also happen when some of the solvent evaporates
A stalactite in a cave is an example of crystallization
Minerals dissolve in water as it flows through rocks
When the solution drips from the ceiling of the cave, some of the water evaporates
Minerals crystallize to form the stalactite.

22. #4 Use Your Noodle! Apply: You have 3 MINUTES!
Write the following in your Science Notebook: #4
Apply:
Minerals dissolve in water as it flows through rocks at the top of the cave. In this solution, what is the solute and what is the solvent?
You have 3 MINUTES!
Use Your Noodle!

23. Precipitate Formation
When some solutions are mixed, a chemical change happens and a solid forms.
Precipitate – a solid that forms when solutions are mixed and a chemical change happens
Compare and Contrast
A precipitate can form in a shower
Minerals are dissolved in water and can react chemically with soap.
Chemical reaction forms a precipitate called soap scum
Crystallization
Precipitate
Physical Change
Chemical Change
Solvent evaporates
Forms a solid

24. Examples of Common Solutions
Types of Solutions
Not all solutions are solid solutes dissolved in liquid solvents.
Solutions can be made up of combinations of solids, liquids, and gases
Examples of Common Solutions
Solution
Solvent/
State
Solute/
State of
Earth’s atmosphere
Nitrogen/gas
Oxygen/gas
Carbon dioxide/gas
Argon/gas
gas
Carbonated
Beverage
Water/liquid
Liquid
Brass
Copper/solid
Zinc/solid
Solid

25. #5 Use Your Noodle! Interpret Data:
Write the following in your Science Notebook: #5
Interpret Data:
Name two solutions that have carbon dioxide as one of the solutes.
You have 2 MINUTES!
Use Your Noodle!

26. Liquid Solutions
Sugar water and salt water are examples of solutions with liquid solvents and solid solutes.
The solute in a solution can be a solid, another liquid, or even an gas.
The state of the solution will usually be the same as the state of the solvent.
Example – Sugar is a solid and water is a liquid.
When mixed together they form a solution.
The solution is a liquid.

27. #6 Use Your Noodle! Explain:
Write the following in your Science Notebook: #6
Explain:
What does the state of a solution usually depend on?
You have 3 MINUTES!
Use Your Noodle!

28. What are liquid-gas solutions?
Carbonated drinks are examples of solutions with liquid solvents and gas solutes.
The gas solute is carbon dioxide.
Water is the liquid solvent
The CO2 gives the drinks their fizz.

29. What are liquid-liquid solutions?
Vinegar is an example of a liquid-liquid solution
Water is the liquid solvent and acetic acid is the liquid solute.
In vinegar, only 5 percent of the solution is acetic acid.
Water makes up 95 percent of the solution.

30. Gaseous solutions
Gas-gas solution - Sometimes, a small amount of one gas is dissolved in a larger amount of another gas.
The air you breath is a gaseous solution.
About 78% of air is N, which is a solvent
About 20% of air is O, which is one of the solutes
The other solutes in air are CO2, Ar and some other gases in small amounts.

31. Solid Solutions In a solid solution, the solvent is solid
The solute can be a solid, liquid or gas.
The most common solid solutions are solid- solid solutions
Both the solvent and solute are solids.
Steel is a solution of C dissolved in Fe.
A solid-solid solution made from two or more metals is called an alloy.
Brass is an alloy of Zn dissolved in Cu

32. #7 Use Your Noodle! Identify:
Write the following in your Science Notebook: #7
Identify:
What states can the solutes be in a solid solution?
You have 2 MINUTES!
Use Your Noodle!

33. Review!
Fill out the graphic organizer with important facts about mixtures and solutions.
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Description:
Example:
Description:
Example:
Solutions
Description: