1. Harmonised conditions for the marketing of common cements Ing. Lukáš Peřka Research Institute of Binding Materials Prague, Ltd. Na Cikánce 2, Praha 5, Czech Republic perka@vumo.cz

2. Research Institute of Binding Materials Prague, Ltd. Complete service for basic construction product.  Technology - development, innovation and testing of chemical processes and production.  Information and marketing service.  Standardization – Centre of technical standardization

3. Free Trade within EU For a free product placement within EU market must be ensured harmonised conditions for the marketing of products. For construction products – Regulation EU No. 305/2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 December 1988. Regulation describes seven basic requirements for construction works: - mechanical resistance and stability; - safety in case of fire; - hygiene, health and the environment; - safety and accessibility in use; - protection against noise; - energy economy and heat retention; - sustainable use of natural resources.

4. Construction Product Regulation and European Standards- harmonisation If the requirements described in the standard are in the compliance with the requirements of Regulation → Standard is harmonized with Regulation → harmonized European standard of product. The European Commission assigns the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) to prepare and approve the draft of European standard. Two conditions for the application of European standards: 1.The standard must be approved by CEN. 2.The standard must be announced in OJEC.

5. CEN/TC 51 – Technical committee Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 “Cement and building limes” CEN/TC 51 prepares European standards for: common cement and special cements; other hydraulic binders; building limes; conformity evaluation; methods of testing.

6. EN 197-1 Cement – Part 1: Composition, specification and conformity criteria for common cements EN 197-1 defines and gives the specifications of 27 distinct common cements, 7 sulfate resisting common cements, 3 distinct low early strength blast furnace cements, 2 sulfate resisting low early strength blast furnace cements and their constituents. This harmonised European standard is completed by - EN 197-2 Conformity evaluation - EN 196 Methods of testing cement (Part 1 – 10).

7. EN 197-1 cement types According to the content of the main components the cements are grouped into five main cement types:  CEM I Portland cement;  CEM II Portland-composite cement;  CEM III Blast furnace cement;  CEM IV Pozzolanic cement;  CEM V Composite cement and furthermore there are also each types of cement differ in the content of main components → 27 products in the family of common cements

8. Main types Notation of the 27 products (types of common cement) Composition (percentage by massa) Main constituents Minor additional constituents Clinker Blast-furnace slag Silica fume PozzolanaFly ash Burnt shaleLimestone natural natural calcined siliceous calca- reous KSDbDbPQVWTLLL CEM IPortland cementCEM I95-100 ––––––––– 0-5 Portland-slagCEM II/A-S80-946-20 –––––––– 0-5 cementCEM II/B-S65-7921-35 –––––––– 0-5 Portland-silica fume cement CEM II/A-D90-94 – 6-10 ––––––– 0-5 CEM II/A-P80-94 –– 6-20 –––––– 0-5 Portland-pozzolanaCEM II/B-P65-79 –– 21-35 –––––– 0-5 cementCEM II/A-Q80-94 ––– 6-20 ––––– 0-5 CEM II/B-Q65-79 ––– 21-35 ––––– 0-5 CEM II/A-V80-94 –––– 6-20 –––– 0-5 CEM IIPortland-fly ashCEM II/B-V65-79 –––– 21-35 –––– 0-5 cementCEM II/A-W80-94 ––––– 6-20 ––– 0-5 CEM II/B-W65-79 ––––– 21-35 ––– 0-5 Portland-burntCEM II/A-T80-94 –––––– 6-20 –– 0-5 shale cementCEM II/B-T65-79 –––––– 21-35 –– 0-5 Portland- limestone cement CEM II/A-L80-94 ––––––– 6-20 – 0-5 CEM II/B-L65-79 ––––––– 21-35 – 0-5 CEM II/A-LL80-94 –––––––– 6-200-5 CEM II/B-LL65-79 –––––––– 21-350-5 Portland-composite cementc CEM II/A-M80-88 ‹ ---------------------------------------------------- 12-20 --------------------------------------------------- › 0-5 CEM II/B-M65-79 ‹ ----------------------------------------------------- 21-35 -------------------------------------------------- › Blast furnace cement CEM III/A35-6436-65 –––––––– 0-5 CEM IIICEM III/B20-3466-80 –––––––– 0-5 CEM III/C5-1981-95 –––––––– 0-5 CEM IV PozzolanicCEM IV/A65-89 –  ------------------- 11-35 --------------------  ––– 0-5 cementcCEM IV/B45-64 –  ------------------- 36-55 --------------------  ––– 0-5 CEM V CompositeCEM V/A40-6418-30 –  -------- 18-30 --------  –––– 0-5 cementcCEM V/B20-3831-49 –  -------- 31-49 --------  –––– 0-5 aThe values in the table refer to the sum of the main and minor additional constituents. bThe proportion of silica fume is limited to 10 %. cIn Portland-composite cements CEM II/A-M and CEM II/B-M, in pozzolanic cements CEM IV/A and CEM IV/B and in composite cements CEM V/A and CEM V/B the main constituents other than clinker shall be declared by designation of the cement (for examples, see Clause 8).

9. EN 197-1 mechanical requirements Standard strength - compressive strength at 28 days (EN 196-1); - strength classes [MPa]: 32,5; 42,5; 52,5. Early strength - compressive strength at 2 or 7 days (EN 196-1); - early strength classes [MPa]: - ordinary: N; - high: R; - low: L (only applicable for CEM III cements).

10. EN 197-1 physical requirements Initial setting time - determined in accordance with EN 196-3, - 32,5 Mpa ≥ 75 minutes; - 42,5 Mpa ≥ 60 minutes; - 52,5 Mpa ≥ 45 minutes. Soundness - determined in accordance with EN 196-3, - expansion ≤ 10 milimetres. Heat of hydration - determined in accordance with EN 196-8 or EN 196-9; - for low heat common cements ≤ 270 J/g.

11. EN 197-1 chemical requirements The chemical properties of the cements of the cement type and strength class shall conform to the requirements listed in following table when tested accordance with the referred standard.

12. Property Test reference Cement type Strength class Requirementsa Loss on ignitionEN 196-2 CEM I CEM III All ≤ 5,0 % Insoluble residueEN 196-2 b CEM I CEM III All ≤ 5,0 % Sulfate content (as SO 3 ) EN 196-2 CEM I CEM II c CEM IV CEM V 32,5 N 32,5 R 42,5 N ≤ 3,5 % 42,5 R 52,5 N 52,5 R≤ 4,0 % CEM III d All Chloride contentEN 196-2all e All≤ 0,10 %f PozzolanicityEN 196-5CEM IVAllSatisfies the test aRequirements are given as percentage by mass of the final cement. bDetermination of residue insoluble in hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate. cCement types CEM II/B-T and CEM II/B-M with a T content > 20 % may contain up to 4,5 % sulfate (as SO 3 ) for all strength classes. dCement type CEM III/C may contain up to 4,5 % sulfate. eCement type CEM III may contain more than 0,10 % chloride but in that case the maximum chloride content shall be stated on the packaging and/or the delivery note. fFor pre-stressing applications cements may be produced according to a lower requirement. If so, the value of 0,10 % shall be replaced by this lower value which shall be stated in the delivery note.

13. EN 197-1 durability In many applications, particularly in severe environmental conditions, the choice of cement has an influence on the durability of concrete, mortar and grouts, e.g. frost resistance, chemical resistance and protection of reinforcement. Alkalis from cement or other concrete constituents may react chemically with certain aggregates. Adequate requirements are given in EN 206-1.

14. EN 197-1 sulfate resistance Sulfate resisting common cement shall fulfil the additional chemical requirements specified in following table. Sulfate resisting common cements shall be identified by the notation SR.

15. Property Test reference Cement typeStrength classRequirements a Sulfate content (as SO 3 ) EN 196-2 CEM I-SR 0 CEM I-SR 3 CEM I-SR 5 b CEM IV/A-SR CEM IV/B-SR 32,5 N 32,5 R 42,5 N  3,0 % 42,5 R 52,5 N 52,5 R  3,5 % C 3 A in clinker c EN 196-2 d CEM I-SR 0 All = 0% CEM I-SR 3  3 % CEM I-SR 5  5 % - e CEM IV/A-SR CEM IV/B-SR  9 % PozzolanicityEN 196-5 CEM IV/A-SR CEM IV/B-SR All Satisfies the test at 8 days aRequirements are given as percentage by mass of the final cement or clinker as defined in the table. bFor specific applications cements CEM I-SR 5 may be produced according to a higher sulfate content. If so the numerical value of this requirement for higher sulfate content shall be declared on the delivery note. cThe test method for the determination of C 3 A content of clinker from an analysis of the final cement is under development in CEN/TC51. dIn the specific case of CEM I, it is permissible to calculate the C 3 A content of clinker from the chemical analysis of the cement. The C 3 A content shall be calculated by the formula: C 3 A = 2,65 A – 1,69 F (see 5.2.1). eUntil the test method is finalised the C 3 A content of clinker (see 5.2.1) shall be determined on the basis of the analysis of clinker as part of the manufacturer's Factory Production Control (EN 197-2:2000, 4.2.1.2).

16. EN 197-1 standard designation Portland cement EN 197-1 – CEM I 42,5 R Portland cement, conforming to EN 197-1, of strength class 42,5 with high early strength Portland-composite cement EN 197-1 – CEM II/A-M (S-V-L) 32,5 R Portland-composite cement, conforming to EN 197-1, containing in total a quantity of granulated blast furnace slag (S), siliceous fly ash (V) and limestone (L) of between 12 % and 20 % by mass and of strength class 32,5 with high early strength Blast furnace cement EN 197-1 – CEM III/B 32,5 N – LH/SR Blast furnace cement, conforming to EN 197-1, containing between 66 % and 80 % by mass of granulated blast furnace slag (S), of strength class 32,5 with an ordinary early strength and a low heat of hydration and sulfate resisting.

17. EN 197-1 conformity criteria Conformity of the products to this standard shall be continually evaluated on the basis of testing of spot samples. The properties, test methods and the minimum testing frequencies for the auto control testing by the manufacturer are specified in this standard also. Concerning testing frequencies for cement not being dispatched continuously and other details see EN 197-2.

18. EN 197-1 Annex ZA - harmonization The clauses of this European standard, shown in this Annex ZA, meet the requirements of the mandate given under the EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC). When compliance with the conditions of this Annex ZA is achieved, the certification body shall draw up a certificate of conformity (EC Certificate of conformity), which entitles the manufacturer to affix the CE marking.

19. EN 197-1 CE marking 0123 AnyCo Ltd, PO Box 21, B-1050 The registered address 11 01233-CPD-0234 EN 197-1:2011 CEM I 42,5 R – SR 3 Additional information

20. Thank you for your attention.