1. Ebola By Elyas Shaiwani

2. Family

3. Reservoir/Host Suspected Reservoirs –Bats –Rats –Insect –Birds Hosts –Humans Except EBO-R –Non-human primates

4. Types of Transmission Exchange of body fluids –Saliva, semen, vaginal secretion, vomit, blood, etc –Improper needle use –Viral exposure to ocular, nasal and oral regions

5. Structure 7 genes for 8 proteins –GP and sGP GP - adheres to endothelial cellsand macrophages sGP - binds to macrophages to prevent cytokine release and kills host cell during reproduction –VP24 May help in uncoating during infection –VP30 Binds RNA to DNA –VP35 Key in replication within host cell –VP40 Responsible for budding at the plasma membrane –NP Protein envelope –Polymerase (L) Unknown function

6. Mechanism GP attaches virus to endothelial cell VP24 allow viral contents to enter cell VP35 and RNA begin synthesis and translation High virus concentration and sGP concentration interfere with cell function and eventually lyse the host cell sGP released inhibits macrophage and neutrophil cytokine release thus stopping inflammation

7. Symptoms Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever –2 - 21 days incubation –Week 1 Headache, malaise, abdominal pain, fatigue, fever, bloody diarrhea, bloody vomit, conjunctivitis, nausea Mild anorexia, irritablity –After 1 st week Shock, dry heaves with possible black bile, internal bleeding or externally from orifices, limited or loss of liver and kidney functions, death Memory loss, confusion, anxiety, anorexia –90% mortality rate

8. Treatment Supportive care –Blood transfusions –Antibodies Preventative Measures –Quarantine Individual and towns –Reverse quarantine –Aseptic technique –BSL4 precautions

9. References http://www.africaphotos.com/stock/subject/health/ebola/cz10a.htm http://www.rki.de/INFEKT/Ebola/Frame.htm http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/filo/class.html Formenty et al. “Human Infection Due to Ebola Virus, Subtype Cote d’Ivoire: Clinical and Biological Presentation.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999;179. “HHMI News: Ebola’s Deadly Secrets.” Howard Hughes Medical Institute. http://www.hhmi.org/news/nabel.html http://www.hhmi.org/news/nabel.html “Ebola and lassa viruses taret dendritic cells and prevent cytokine release.” Medical Letter on the CDC and FDA. May 4 2003. http://www.newsrx.comhttp://www.newsrx.com