1. Security in Europe during the Cold War period Dr. Arūnas Molis 22 April, 2014 Tallinn European security

2. Content  Start and end of the Cold War  Origins of the Cold War  The USSR behavior during the Cold War  Western security strategy

3. Start of the Cold War  1947 - Truman Doctrine and Marshal plan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMbJdZfTkzU

4. End of the Cold War  The agreement signed by the leaders of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine at the Belovezh forest on 8 December 1991 declared the Soviet Union dissolved and CIS created  The parliaments of the three states ratified the agreement on 10-12 December 1991, and on 21 December the Alma Ata protocol was signed, pursuant to which another eight former soviet republics joined the CIS

5. Dominant security concerns  Cold War – two security systems with: threat of military aggression competition among main global players  After the Cold war – 1 security system with: ethno-religious nationalism economic stagnation civil wars environmental degradation autocratic rule

6. Origins of the Cold War  Nuclear deterrence Fear of self destruction, nuclear tensions CrisisYearLengthThreatNuclear STRATEGIC WEAPONS byU.S.AU.S.S.R #1 IRAN I1946One dayUSA400 #2 YUGOSLAVIA1946One dayUSA400 #3 BERLIN I194815 monthsUSA1200 #4 KOREA195036 monthsUSA400? #5 VIETNAM I19543 monthsUSA1200? #6 CHINA I19548 monthsUSA1200? #7 SUEZ19567 daysUSSR & USA210060 #8 CHINA II19582 monthsUSA3000110 #9 BERLIN II19594 monthsUSA3200175 #10 BERLIN III19614 monthsUSA* 3600* 240 #11 CUBA19622 weeksUSSR & USA* 3900* 300 #12 VIETNAM II19693 monthsUSA* 4000* 1400 #13 JORDAN19702 weeksUSA* 4000* 1800 #14 ISRAEL197319 daysUSA* 6800* 2200 #15 IRAN II19806 monthsUSA* 10312* 6846 #16 FIRST STRIKE1983-8524 monthsUSA** Total Threat1945-85107 monthsof nuclear crisis * Nuclear Winter Threat

7. Origins of the Cold War  Arms race US – 13 trillions USD for defence, except nuclear program  Ideological confrontation war for hearts and minds

8. Origins of the Cold War  Struggle for Europe Germany, Berlin Partition of Europe  Proxy wars for influence Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Indochina, Middle East and Latin America

9. USSR: Creating a buffer of satellite states  Success: Baltic states reincorporated to USSR Communist governments installed in East Germany, Albania, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia  Failure: Northern Iran wasn’t drawn to the Soviet orbit; Greece could have become one of the socialist states Sour relations with Yugoslavia after restraints on Tito

10. Buffer of satellite states

11. Suppressions in Eastern Europe  1956 in Poland and Hungary  1968 in Czechoslovakia

12. Western (the US) strategy (1)  Containment (1947-1953): resist Soviet Union wherever it is possible Assistance to Greece and Turkey, Marshal plan War in Korea (1950–1953)  Massive retaliation (1953-1961): roll back of the communism Increase of nuclear warheads Berlin crisis (wall in 1961) Cuban missile crises (soviet deployment in 1962)

13. Western (the US) strategy (2)  Detante policy (1969-1979) Balance of power End of Vietnam war  Kirkpatrick doctrine Support to authoritarian leaders who resist to Soviet Union expansion

14. Questions?