1. Midwest Professional Nutrient Applicators Association Annual Meeting June 23 rd, 2009. Lima, Ohio

2. Biosecurity: Your Role in the Prevention of Disease Spread Bill Minton DVM. Chickasaw, Oh.

3. Why? Protect your Customer – Reduce disease risk – New vs. re-infection Protect you Business – Risk of outbreak / disease – Professional – “Word of Mouth” advertising

4. Pathogens: Disease causing organisms Viruses – PRRS, SIV, BVD, TGE, PCV2 Bacteria – Salmonella, E.Coli, APP, Erysipelas, M. Paratuberculosis Species – Porcine, Bovine, Avian

5. Virus: Infectious agents Obligate intracellular Smaller than bacteria DNA or RNA classification View with electron microscope

6. Bacteria: Ubiquitous – inhabit every environment capable of supporting life Classify: – organic, inorganic, & photosensitive Replicate with an energy source Resistance: – cell wall, spore forming Not susceptible to all chemicals

7. PRRSv: Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRSv.) Host specific to pigs Benchmark pathogen of swine industry – Cost to industry > $550 million annually Most important swine disease today – Difficult to control

8. PRRSv. Survivability: As temperatures  ; survivability  Months to years when frozen (-4  F) 6 days @ 70  F 24 hrs. @ 98.6  F 20 mins. @ 133  F 11 days when kept moist

9. PRRSv. Survivability: Susceptible to: – High temperatures – Changes in pH 7.8 – Exposure to UV light – Chemical inactivation

10. Swine Influenza Virus: Influenza type A virus (SIV or Flu) Contains two distinct surface proteins for identifying strains – H (hemmaglutin) & N (nueroaminidase) Interspecies (zoonotic) spread between pigs, birds, & humans Generally inactivated by soap, heat, bleach, & other disinfectants

11. Direct Spread: Animal – Animal Known Health Status Indirect Spread: Feces, bedding, feed, other bodily fluids People Equipment Aerosol

12. Indirect cont. : People & equipment are mechanical vectors Contaminated with infectious agents Proper sanitation and disinfection reduces spread Aerosol > 2 miles

13. Prevention: Minimize contact with livestock Do Not cross traffic patterns – People – Equipment – Trucks Cold weather – highest risk Farm owned equipment “High health vs. commercial” equipment

14. Prevention - Livestock: Operate away from entrances & chutes of facilities Avoid contamination of immediate area around facilities – Spills, overfills, pipe fittings, etc. Aerosolizing can cause area spread

15. Prevention – Traffic Patterns: Use other (less traveled) entrances if possible to site Avoid walk areas of facility employees Stay out of barn offices, shops, etc. Avoid vehicle traffic contact – Loading / unloading – Feed bins – Office / entrance – Compost areas

16. Prevention - Weather: Cold, damp weather poses greatest risk Wind speed & direction Incorporate vs. surface application Precipitation

17. Protocols for Clean-Up: Spray and wash all equipment with detergents Remove all organic material Disinfect Drying time before next use

18. Equipment Clean-Up: Includes pumps, pipes, hose, tanks, tines, & tractors Clean at site or designated wash area Detergents aid in cleaning bio-film -  cleaning time Hot water cuts wash time in half Thorough cleaning!!! – Especially equipment used near facilities / structures – Wash cab of tractors

19. Disinfectants: Synergize 0.8% – Quarterly ammonium and gluteraldehyde mixture – Liquid Virkon 1.0% – Potassium monopersulfate – Powder Minimum 2 hours contact time

20. Disinfectant cont. : Application with foamer – Better visualization – Prolongs contact time of chemicals & surfaces – Enhanced effectiveness Attention to “hard-to-reach” areas

21. Drying: Drying Time – At least 2 hours with disinfectant remaining on the surfaces – Most important component of the clean-up process!!! Downtime – Overnight If disinfected & all equipment is dried – Unknown When equipment is not disinfected Drying is not complete

22. Cleanup misc. : Vehicles – Tractors – Trucks – ATV’s Potential source of contamination – Sanitize with disinfectant sprays Tek-Trol Lysol Personnel – One night downtime – Clean boots and outer work clothing

23. Recommended Protocols Before Nutrient Handling Takes Place: 1.Contact site owner 2.Health Status – be informed –PRRS +/- –SIV +/- –BVD +/- 3.Farm specific biosecurity requirements? –Contact vet on record if necessary 4.Discuss handling methods & plan 5.Scheduling –Avoid same species prior –Proper downtimes/clean-up

24. Continued: 6.Log-in prior farm visited & nights downtime since visited 7.High health or farm designated equipment in use 8.Possible animal movement during application period 9.If PRRSv. +, consider impending weather 10.Consider risks for area spread of disease from resident farm 11.Emergency Action Plan contacts

25. Common Pitfalls: Unaware of health status at site(s) Cross contamination risk with people and vehicle patterns Dirty equipment Spills Unhappy neighbors

26. Questions???