1. Learning to Retrofit in Living Laboratories James Evans

2. The laboratory is the place where things that are uncommon and unproven are tested : a learning process by definition. - Paolo Soleri, 2002 Infrastructure transitions require new and effective forms of urban knowledge. - Mike Hodson and Simon Marvin, 2009

3. BUT - who is involved and why? - how are experiments staged? - how is learning and scaling supposed to occur? ‘Implementation Platforms’

4. CITIESUNIVERSITIESBUSINESSES

5. staging experiments Cost Risk Control

6. ‘ learning to learn’ - soft versus hard learning ethos of experimentation interaction between technological and social aspects Infrastructure waiting for a user Test-bed Data on a memory stick research infrastructure and transition

7. ‘modestly nudging reality’ Testing versus experimenting? ‘many of the technologies are not our own technologies anyway, they’re not things we want to test.... so really we are testing to see what the problems of the real world are rather than testing particular systems’ learning and transition politics of different research assemblages