1. Week of November 7:
Monday 11/7: Check that you have study ques, picture, personal statement complete for your Enlightenment person
Wednesday 11/9: C 19 sec 1 terms due
C 19 sec 2 ques #1b-4c due
Friday 11/11: Veteran's Day guest speaker: Mike Train
Enlightenment salon discussion (prop/costume) =
Monday 11/14
Tuesday 11/15: C 19 sec 1 and 2 quest

2. How do you KNOW that the earth revolves around the
sun?

3. C 19: Enlightenment and Revolution
How do you think centers of learning influenced how Europeans viewed the world in the 1700s?

4. Who is Ptolemy?
What does he say about the earth?
How did he come to this conclusion?
When was he challenged and by whom?
What did these challengers say?
Label each solar system diagram with the scientist who developed it

5. Section 1: The Scientific Revolution
What changes led to the dawn of modern science?
What discoveries occurred in astronomy, physics, and math during the Scientific Revolution?
How did early scientists advance knowledge in biology and chemistry?
How did scientific ideas move beyond the realm of science and affect society?
Dawn of Modern Science
Discoveries in Astronomy, Physics and Math
Discoveries in Biology and Chemistry
Science and Society

6. Dawn of Modern Science
What changes led to the dawn of modern science?
Dawn of Modern Science
Geocentric view of the world – (Aristotle, Ptolemy)- supported by Church
Introduction of scientific advancements from Arabs led to questioning of the Church as authority on scientific matters
Age of Exploration allowed for new points of view to be considered
Eventually developed the SCIENTIFIC METHOD
(Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes)?
Experimentation Reason/ Logic

7. What does
the Church
think of this?

8. Discoveries in Astronomy, Physics and Math
What discoveries occurred in astronomy, physics, and math during the Scientific Revolution?
Discoveries in Astronomy, Physics and Math
Nicklaus Copernicus- early 1500s = heliocentric theory
First to complete model of the solar system – didn’t publish his findings until the year of his death WHY?
Tycho Brahe (1572)= Danish astronomer (wanted to prove Copernicus wrong) BUT w Johannes Kepler proved elliptical orbit of planets around sun and solved Copernicus’ math problems
Galileo Galilei = Italian scientist (1609) invented the telescope/ stars
Sir Isaac Newton = English scientist (1687) law of universal gravitation
and calculus (used to predict the effects of gravity)

9. Nicholas Copernicus 1473-1543 Galileo Galilei 1564-1642 Heliocentric
“On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres”, 1543
Johannes Kepler: 1600s supported Copernicus
Galileo Galilei
Heliocentric
1609

11. Discoveries in Biology and Chemistry
How did early scientists advance knowledge in biology and chemistry?
Discoveries in Biology and Chemistry
WHY IS THIS
Andreas Vesalius – Flemish doctor (1539 -anatomy) IMPORTANT?
William Harvey – English physician (early 1600s -heart)
Antony Leeuwenhoek – Dutch scientist (late 16oos- microscope)
Robert Hooke – English physicist (cell)
Robert Boyle – (1661- Father of Modern Chemistry)
Boyle’s Law (describes how temperature, volume and pressure affect gases)
Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier – French chemist (1700s- Law of Conservation
of Mass- matter can’t be created or destroyed)

12. Science and Society
How did scientific ideas move beyond the realm of science and affect society?
Science and Society
Role of the Catholic Church in a changing culture?
Church +/- on scientific discoveries and innovations (how?)
Galileo , Copernicus and the Church?
1632: The Inquisition
Effect of Science? = Art of the Renaissance (chemistry of paints/ light)
Effect of Science? = questioning social institutions (government, religion, economics and education)
How might government and religion be affected by the Scientific Revolution?

13. !

14. Accurate Instruments
Scientific method
New models of solar
system
Advances in math,
anatomy and chemistry
Conflicts with the church

15. We are all on a cruise ship that suddenly has been shipwrecked
on a coral reef in the South Pacific. We all safely swim to
the shore of a small island.
WRITE on a piece of paper the first three steps that you
would try to accomplish in order to establish order on the
island until HELP arrives.

16. The problems of the world could be solved by educated people
C 19: The Enlightenment (1600s – 1700s)
Can the same laws that have been observed in the natural world also be applied to society???
SALON
The problems of the world could be solved by educated people
How was the Enlightenment influenced by reason?
What new views did philosophers have about government?
What new views did philosophers have about society?
How did Enlightenment spread?

17. An Enlightenment Salon
2:58
Philosophers and scholars across Europe
began to re-think long held beliefs
about the human condition and the
rights and liberties of ordinary citizens.

18. Philosophes: REASON= Truth could be discovered through reason
NATURE = natural was good and reasonable
HAPPINESS= rejected medieval gloom/afterlife
PROGRESS = society could improve
LIBERTY = wanted liberties that the
English gained
In English Civil War

19. What should the role of government be?
(Francis Bacon)
Scientific Method:
Identify a problem or research question to be answered
Form a hypothesis that can be tested
Perform experiments to test the hypothesis
Record the results
Analyze the results of the experiments that either proves or disproves the hypothesis
What should the role of government be?
The Enlightenment
John Locke
Self government
Political equality
Natural rights
Tabula rasa “blank slate”
Human beings
are reasonable and
generally good
Philosophes
Rene Descartes
Cogito ergo sum: “I think, therefore I am”
Analytical geometry
Jean Jacques
Rousseau:
Classical republicanism
Human beings are naturally
good = “natural state”
Natural state corrupted
by society thus creating the
need for a social contract
Sir Issac Newton:
Universal gravitation
Three laws of motion
Charles Montesquieu:
Separation of powers
Three branches of government
Acknowledged three forms of govt:
Aristocracy, Republic, Despotic

22. What were the causes and effects of the Scientific Revolution?
C 19 sec 1:
What were the causes and effects of the Scientific Revolution?
C 19 sec 2:
How did the Enlightenment effect the role of the
individual in government? How did Thomas Hobbes and John Locke’s ideas differ in terms of this role?
CAUSE
EFFECT
ENLIGHTENMENT

23. Enlightened Despots Joseph II of Austria Serfdom = abolished
Eliminated torture
And death penalty
Free food for peasants
Religious tolerance
Frederick II of Prussia
Serfdom= not ended
Influenced by Voltaire
Abolished torture
Pro education
Catherine the Great
Serfdom = ended then restored
Constitution/ Code of Laws

24. Legacy of the Enlightenment
Belief in PROGRESS
A more SECULAR outlook/ weakened organized religion
Importance of the INDIVIDUAL/ consent of the governed
Natural rights (Locke)
Separation of powers/ checks and balances (Montesquieu)
Freedom of thought and expression (Voltaire)
Abolishment of torture (Beccaria)
Religious freedom (Voltaire)
Women’s equality (Wollstonecraft)

25. Page 588

26. Nicolas Copernicus Boyle
Thomas Hobbes Smith
Johan Sebastian Bach Diderot
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Harvey
George Frederick Handel
Francis Bacon Wollstonecraft
Galileo Galilei Vesalius
Ptolemy Frederick the Great
Aristotle Catherine the Great
John Locke Joseph II
Isaac Newton Montesquieu
Voltaire Rousseau