1. Middle Ages: The Roman Catholic Church

2. Warm - Up 1.Personal Needs – you will not leave class after! 2.Copy homework into agenda 3. Working with your group – explain everything you know about Feudal Society. Feel free to use your notes to assist you.

3. Title a piece of paper – The Medieval Christian Church - AKA - Roman Catholic Church Working with your group, make a written list of what you have learned about the Christian Church in the Middle Ages. Feel free to use your notes. You have a total of 2 minutes to make your list. Be prepared to share your answers.

4. Focus 1. What role did the Medieval Christian Church play in Medieval Society? Your job is to continue and deepen your study in the understanding of the Christian Church in the Middle Ages. Move around to the various “stations” to answer the above question. Copy question from above either below your warm-up, on the back of the warm-up or on another sheet of paper if you like. Don’t forget to add a sticky note to the big cabinet!!!

5. Objective Students will be able to evaluate the role of the Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Europe.

6. The Roman Catholic Church 1. When Europe divided into small independent feudal states, the Roman Catholic Church became the single unifying force on the continent. 2. The Catholic Church played a powerful role in nearly everyone’s social and personal life. 3. Most Europeans were baptized, married, and buried by Catholic priests.

7. Political Structure Pope – father or leader of the Church Cardinal – advisors to the Pope, controlled Archbishops, and chose the Pope from the Cardinals Archbishop – controlled archdiocese ( a large district or areas of land) and bishops Bishop - controlled “diocese” (district of land) in larger cities or provinces made of many parishes (communities) Priests – controlled local church Friars – traveling priest Monks – men who dedicated their lives to God living in a secluded community

8. Local Churches 1. Throughout Western Europe in medieval times, each community was centered around a church. 2. The church offered religious services, established orphanages, and helped care for the poor, sick, and elderly. 3. They also hosted feasts, festivals, and other celebrations.

9. Cathedrals 1. As communities grew, their members often donated money and labor to build new and larger churches. 2. These cathedrals were built to honor God….and to show off wealth and power. 3. Since most people could not read and understand Latin, the language of the Church– the shape, stained- glass windows and the pictures on walls of cathedrals taught people religion.

10. Medieval Cathedrals – still in use Westminster Abbey – London, England Notre Dame Cathedral – Paris, France

11. Monks 1. Monks were men who devoted their time to praying, studying, and copying and decorating holy books by hand, called Illuminated Manuscripts. 2. They also preserved the works of the ancient Greeks and Romans. 3. Monks lived in communities called monasteries – they became important centers of learning in medieval society.

12. Nuns 1. Women who served the Church were called nuns. 2. In the Middle Ages, it was common for a woman to become a nun after her husband died. 3. Nuns prayed, sewed, taught young girls, cared for the poor, and also copied and decorated books. 4. They lived in secluded communities called convents.

13. Education The Church founded Europe’s first universities. 1.In the Middle Ages the Church was not only influential in political matters but was also a source of knowledge. In England, Irish monasteries served as a reliable place for seeking education. 2. The peasants often sent their children to the schools established by the Church. Even though the education was meager, it allowed the selected students to pursue studies in religion, philosophy and Latin at the monasteries or in universities. 3.Universities first started as cathedral schools where attending students were categorized as clerics. 4. The cathedral learning centers gradually transformed into independent schools administered separately from the cathedral. ******The earliest universities to emerge from the medieval church were the University of Paris, the Oxford University and the University of Bologna.*******

15. Great Political Power 1. The church also held great political power. 2. If a nobleman refused to obey the commands of the Church, the pope might punish him with excommunication, which kept him from Church activities. 3. All of the churches on his land would be closed, and neither he nor his family, nor anyone within his territory could be baptized, married, or buried with the Church’s blessing.

16. Christian Being Excommunicated

17. Indulgences 1.In the Middle Ages, one of the practices of the Christian Church was to pay for the forgiveness, or lessening of your sins!!!! Really???? 2.An Indulgence does not forgive the guilt of sin, nor does it free someone from eternal punishment of mortal sins (really bad and unforgivable)forgive 3.The Catholic Church teaches instead that indulgences only relieve the temporary punishment in purgatory (waiting room for Heaven) and that a person is still required to have his grave sins forgiven. 4.Similarly, an indulgence is not a permit to commit sin, a pardon of future sin, nor a guarantee of forgiveness of sin. *****Indulgences brought great wealth to the Church – allowing for the construction of cathedrals, castles, palaces and a rich life for high-ranking clergy.******

18. Those in Purgatory

19. Indulgences – Get out of Hell cards? Or a Sham?

20. The Great Schism (Split) A.D. 1054 – the Christian Church splint into two branches = Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church Issue: The Bishop of Constantinople did not like the Bishop of Rome, who was the Pope, telling him what to do…..the Pope did not like that the Bishop of Constantinople refused to “follow orders”. Solution: Both men excommunicated each other and caused The church split into two branches: Roman Catholic (means universal) in the west Orthodox (means correct or true) in the east.

22. The Inquisition and Heretics The inquisition was a court set up by the Roman Catholic Church to investigate heresy and punish heretics 1. Heresy was a serious crime of the Middle Ages in which a person held beliefs that the Church felt were wrong. 2. Heretics, people guilty of heresy, were excommunicated, tortured, killed – or a combination of all three.

23. Torture for Confessions?

25. Religious Persecution 1.Jewish communities lived under discrimination and persecution in Europe. *They were forbidden to own land. *They could work only in certain professions, such as banking. * Jews fled to Eastern Europe and established Jewish communitites. 2. Christians often blamed Jews when disease or natural disasters struck. 3. Yet Jewish communities remained intact and preserved their traditions. *Scholars continued to make contributions to learning for all Europeans.

26. Reconquista Since the 700’s A.D. Moors ruled much of Spain. 1. Christian leaders began a gradual reconquista, or reconquering of the Iberian Peninsula. 2. Jews and Muslims were forced to convert to Christianity, leave, or die….many faced the Spanish Inquisition! 3. By the 1400’s A.D., most of Spain became unified and ruled under Christian leaders – such as King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella….the people who funded Christopher Columbus!

27. The Crusades – “God Wills It!” 1. In 1095 A.D., Pope Urban II called for a crusade, or a military expedition, to reclaim Christian control of the Holy Land from Muslim Turks. 2. The empire of the Turks included Palestine, part of the Holy Land, where Christ was born.

28. Outcomes of the Crusades 1. Several crusades between 1096 and 1272 failed to win the Holy Land. 2. They succeeded in: re-opening the old trade routes, decreasing lords power and their fighting, increased kings power, making better boats and maps, and re-introduced the Greek and Roman knowledge.

29. Review 1.What role did the Medieval Christian Church play in Medieval Society? Working with your group – discuss the various “centers” you visited. Come up with a fabulous answer to the above question. You need at least 3 to 5 details/examples to support your answer.

30. In-Depth Focus What topic(s) really sparked your interest….in a good or bad way? Research the topic(s) that you find very interesting. Be prepared to share some of these answers from the questions below. What are your thoughts on this topic? Do you agree or disagree with this topic? Would you be willing to experience this topic? What if you had no choice and had to experience this topic? Do you recommend any changes to this topic? Why?