1. HOW DID THE LANGUAGE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BECAME ENGLISH?

2. Pope Leo X Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, was Pope from 9 March 1513 to his death in 1521 The Roman Catholic Church and the Pope had become corrupt by the early 16 th Century. Pope Leo X was guilty off indulging wealthy members of the church and other misconducts

3. MARTIN LUTHER PROTESTED THE CHURCH BY NAILING A LETTER KNOWN AS THE 95 THESES TO THE DOOR OF A CHURCH IN WITTENBURG GERMANY

4. Protestant Reformation Martin Luther’s act of defiance on October 31, 1517 is considered the start of the Protestant Reformation which is a schism or split between Luther’s followers and the Catholic Church

5. French Protestantism John Calvin of France authored his own protest against the Roman Catholic Church in 1536 which led to a large following by disenchanted French Catholics.

6. Henry VIII King Henry VIII of England was excommunicated by Pope Clement VII in 1532 and 1538 which led to the start of the Anglican Church of England and the separation between England and the Roman Catholic Church

7. Europe divides Europe eventually divides religiously between Roman Catholic and Protestant. Spain and most of southwest Europe remain Catholic while England and a good part of north-central Europe goes over to Protestantism.

8. New World and old Europe Spain, France, and the Netherlands began exploring America and claiming large areas of land throughout the first half of the 16 th century

9. Queen Elizabeth sets England’s sights on America England was not part of the early explorations until 1558 after Elizabeth, the daughter of Henry VIII, became queen of England. Elizabeth like her father was Protestant.

10. Sir Francis Drake Drake and a group of English captains called the Sea Dogs had been raiding Spanish ports and ships

11. The Golden Hind Queen Elizabeth knighted Francis Drake on board his ship the Golden Hind for seizing a Spanish ship with millions of dollars worth of gold and sailing it across the Pacific.

12. King Philip II of Spain Philip II wanted Elizabeth to punish Drake and when she refused to do so Philip assembled 130 warships known as the Armada Invincible or the Invincible Fleet.

13. Spanish Armada Philip II had had enough of this Protestant Queen and her upstart country. In July 1588 the mighty fleet set sail from Spain to crush England

14. Defeat The Spanish fleet was sighted off the English coast on July 19, 1588. The two navies fought a series of skirmishes for about three weeks. Then on August 7 the English filled eight warships with gunpowder, set them on fire and then placed them adrift towards the Spanish Armada. Some ships were destroyed but most got away by heading north around England.

15. Route of the Armada The Armada was supposed to gather up 30,000 Spanish troops from the Netherlands to invade England but couldn’t due to their flight north. The Armada sailed around the Scottish coast and south towards Ireland.

16. Destruction Off the Irish coast the Armada was virtually destroyed by a series of gales that pushed the ships upon the rocks off the Irish coast. 5,000 men were lost and nearly half the ships.

17. Results Spain was no longer a great power. How did the Armada’s defeat change the history of America?