1. 5th Component of Health- Related Fitness
Body Composition
5th Component of Health- Related Fitness

2. Fitness Review
What are the five health-related fitness components? Can you define them?
Is a pull-up an example of an isometric, isotonic, or isokinetic exercise?
Lifting forty percent of your maximum weight is an example of muscular strength or muscular endurance?
What fitnessgram test, tests flexibility?
The three general principles of training are?
Which principle is working the muscles beyond their normal limits?
What happens to the time as the intensity of an exercise increases?
What happens to the body during a warm-up? A cool-down?

3. Objectives
Content Objective: The students will be able to identify the primary characteristics that that make the somatotypes of endomorphs, ectomorphs and mesomorphs different on their notes outline.

4. Why people look different
-Genetic make-up inherited from your family
Not just height and weight differences
Two people with identical heights and weights may be very different in terms of bone structure, muscle structure and amount of body fat
It is difficult for some individuals to gain weight while staying lean may be difficult for other individuals.
While genetics influence what your body looks like – Nutrition and fitness play an important role in remaining healthy and controlling your overall appearance.

5. Somatotype Definition – Your body type
Used in the system of classification for different human physical types
Developed by psychologist W.H. Sheldon
There are three classification types
People are a combination of all three types

6. Three Somatotypes Endomorph Mesomorph Ectomorph
A large, soft bulging body and a pear- shaped appearance
A solid, muscular, and large-boned physique
A slender body and slight build

7. Three Somatotypes Endomorph Mesomorph Ectomorph
High Percentage of Body Fat
Short Neck
Large Abdomen
Wide Hips
Round, full Gluteus Maximus
Short, heavy legs
Firm, well developed muscles
Large bones
Broad Shoulders
Muscular Arms
Trim Waist
Muscular Gluteus Maximus
Powerful Legs
Small bones
Thin muscles
Slender arms and legs
Narrow chest
Round shoulders
Flat abdomen
Small Gluteus Maximus

8. Body Composition
The ratio of fat to muscle, bone and other body tissue.
Lean Body Mass – Muscle tissue and other nonfat tissue such as bones, ligaments and tendons.
Body fat – Comes from stored calories that have not be burned for fuel by the body.
Determining your body composition involves measuring your percentage of body fat which allows you to determine the amount of lean body mass.

9. Ideal Body Weight
The amount you should weigh if you have an appropriate percentage of body fat.
The healthiest weight for your body.
The weight that you look good and feel the most comfortable
Ideal percentage of body fat varies with age and sex
Age
Males
Females
Up to 30
9 – 15%
14 – 21%
30 – 50
11 – 17%
15 – 23%
50 and Up
12 – 19%
16 – 25%

10. Overweight vs. obese Overweight Obese
People who exceed their desirable body weight by 10%
This is according to height and weight charts (difference)
People who have an excessive amount of body weight.
Refers to body composition and how much excess body fat you have.
Being obese is much more unhealthy than being overweight

11. Determining Body Composition
Weighing yourself cannot be used to determine your percentage of body fat and lean body mass.
A person may be considered in the “ideal” weight for their height but actually be unhealthy due to a large percentage of body fat.
The opposite may be true for a muscular person who may be considered “overweight” but is actually healthy because the majority of their body weight is coming from lean body mass.

12. Methods of measuring body fat
1. Underwater Weighing (Hydrostatic Weighing)
2. Skinfold Measurements
3. Body Circumference Measurements
4. Bioelectrical Impedance

13. 1. Underwater Weighing
-Advantages: Most accurate method of determining body fat
-Disadvantages: Expensive and inconvenient
Use a large water tank or swimming pool and a weighing scale
Step 1: Weigh the person in air on a scale (normal weight)
Step 2: Weigh the person completely submerged underwater
Step 3: Use these two numbers to get the density of the water

14. 2. Skinfold Measurement
Uses skinfold calipers to measure a fold of skin and its underlying layer of fat at predetermined locations on the body
Use special computations to find the percentage of body fat
You can test 3, 4 or 7 different locations to plug into the formula.
Advantage: Easily Accessible
Disadvantage: Human error

15. 3. Body Circumference Measurements
This method uses the circumference of selected body parts plus your weight
You use a cloth measuring tape to find the circumference
Advantage: Easy to do, cheap
Disadvantage: Lease accurate method

16. 4. Bioelectrical Impedance
Uses a scale that sends impulses through the body and measures how rapidly the impulses return
Lean tissue returns impulses faster than fatty tissue
Advantages: Cheap and easy to do
Disadvantages: Inaccurate
Hydration, when you eat, and workouts effect the reading

17. Excess fat is unhealthy…
American men who are obese have a life expectancy 20% shorter than men of average weight
Women who are obese have a 10% shorter life expectancy
Medical Problems Include:
Breathing difficulties
Kidney Disorders
Diabetes
Surgical risk
Cancer
Pregnancy Problems
High Blood Pressure
Less Resistance to Infections
Heart Disease
Stroke
Social Discrimination

18. Three Vulnerable Stages for Fat Cell Growth
1. During the last month of fetal development
2. During the first year of life
3. During the growth spurt of adolescence
**Total number of fat cells becomes permanent once you reach adulthood

19. How is weight gained or lost?
When adolescents and children grow fatter, an increase in the size of existing fat cells and an increase in the number of fat cells occurs
When adults grow fatter, only an increase in the size of existing fat cells occurs
Therefore, overweight children and teenagers are more likely to become overweight adults because they have developed more fat cells
An excess of 10 calories a day results in a pound of fat
Average weight gain for Americans from is 30 pounds