1. The Rise and Development of Buddhism
Revised, 10/5/06
Buddhism
The Rise and Development of Buddhism

2. Indian Religion in the 6th & 5th centuries BC
Brahmins - priestly ritual religion
Hinduism
Jainism
Sannyasins (wandering monks) - renunciation & yoga
Yoga combined with extreme asceticism & nonviolence

3. The Buddha Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BC)
Birth
Youth
Marriage & parenthood
The Four Passing Sights (aging, sickness, death, renunciation)
The Great Renunciation
The Great Going Forth
The Great Enlightenment
The Great Ministry
The Great Decease

4. Origin of Buddhism
Spread of Buddhism during the lifetime of the Buddha

5. The Three Refuges (Jewels)
The Buddha
The Dharma (teachings, doctrine)
The Sangha (the Order)

6. The Teachings of the Buddha
The Four Noble Truths

7. Preface to the Four Noble Truths: The Middle Path
Two extremes to be avoided:
(1) Hedonism
(2) Asceticism
By avoiding these two extremes, we discover a Middle Path, a path which opens the eyes, which bestows understanding, and which leads to peace of mind, to wisdom, to full enlightenment, to Nirvana.
This Middle Path is the Noble Eightfold Path, namely, Right Views, Right Intent, Right Speech, Right Conduct, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration

8. 1. The Noble Truth of Suffering
Dukkha

9. 2. The Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering
Tanha
*Some traditions make (c) a craving for prosperity or for personal happiness.

10. 3. The Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering
Nirvana

11. 4. The Noble Truth of the Path that leads to the cessation of suffering
Astapada

12. Elaboration of the Noble Eightfold Path
Right views (Samma ditthi)
Right intent (Samma sankappa)
Right speech (Samma vaca)
Right conduct (Samma kammanta)
Right livelihood (Samma ajiva)
Right effort (Samma vayama)
Right mindfulness (Samma sati)
Right concentration (Samma samadhi)
Wisdom (prajna)
Morality (sila)
Meditation (samadhi)

13. 1. Right Views Wisdom The Four Noble Truths
(Eightfold Path, continued)
Wisdom
1. Right Views
The Four Noble Truths
The doctrine of no-self (anatta, anatman)
Transitoriness (anicca): impermanence
The Five Components or Aggregates (skandhas) of human personhood
Interdependent Origination
Karma & Samsara (rebirth)
Nirvana (what is it?)

14. The Five Components (skandhas) of personhood
(No-self, cont’d)
The Five Components (skandhas) of personhood
Body (rupa)
Person
Sensation (vedana)
Consciousness (vinnana)
Perception (sanna)
Volition (sankhara)
Mind (nama)

15. It is through the five skandhas (components, attributes)
that a human being typically clings to existence and, as a result, becomes subject to suffering (dukkha).
Knowing and seeing the nature of, the origin of, and how to extinguish (end) the five components of body [corporeality], sensation, consciousness, perception, and volition brings about the cessation of selfish craving.

16. So…
a "person" is composed of five components: four "mind" components - sensation, consciousness, perception, volition; and one physical component, i.e., the body. That's all a "person" is.
And, like anything else, these components are constantly changing (transitory and impermanent).
Note that on the list of the five "skandhas" (components), there is no "self," especially no unchanging, permanent, eternal Self (Atman).

17. The doctrine of Interdependent Origination (Paticca Samuppada)
(No-self, cont’d)
The doctrine of Interdependent Origination (Paticca Samuppada)
The interdependence & relativity of all things
No separate beings
No distinct individuals
No eternal essences
No "own-natures"

18. According to the doctrine of interdependent origination,
all things arise, develop, and dissolve in relation to and in interdependence with (or dependence on) all other things.
Nothing has an independent (non-relative), individual, or permanent existence.
Thus, there is no separate, individual, unchanging, or eternal Self.

19. The Bhavachakra Becoming Wheel of 12. 1. Aging & Dying Ignorance 2.
11.
Impulse to Exist
Birth
Heaven 3.
10.
Con- scious- ness
Human Realm
Demon Realm
Becom- ing
Greed Delusion Hatred
Bhavachakra 4. 9.
Hungry Ghost Realm
Animal Realm
Mind- Body
Cling- ing
Note that the Wheel is driven by the "Three Great Poisons" at the center: greed, delusion, & hatred.
Becoming 8.
Six Senses 5.
Hell
Craving 6. 7.
Sensations
Contact

20. Bhava
chakra

21. 2. Right Intent (Resolution)
(Eightfold Path, continued)
2. Right Intent (Resolution)
Wisdom
Right intent or resolution
is the intent or resolution to live & act
in accordance with right views.

22. 3. Right Speech Morality (Eightfold Path, continued) No lying
No slander
No harsh or rude talk
No profanity
No impolite or abusive language
No idle or foolish chatter
Strive to use language meaningfully & usefully, with wisdom & kindness
Learn to maintain “noble silence”

23. 4. Right Conduct Morality Eat moderately & not after noon.
(Eightfold Path, continued)
4. Right Conduct
Morality
Eat moderately & not after noon.
Stay away from dancing, singing, & dramatic spectacles.
Do not use garlands, scents, unguents, or ornaments.
Do not use high or broad (soft) beds.
Do not accept gold or silver (money in general?).
No harming & killing
No stealing
No lying & deceitfulness
No sexual immorality
No use of intoxicants
The Five Precepts (for everybody) & the Ten Precepts (for monks & nuns)

24. 5. Right Livelihood (Vocation)
(Eightfold Path, continued)
Morality
5. Right Livelihood (Vocation)
Choose professions that promote life, peace, & spiritual progress (especially life in the Sangha).
Specifically prohibited professions: poison peddler, slave trader, prostitute, butcher, manufacturer & trader of liquor & other intoxicants, weapons manufacturer & trader, tax collector, caravan trader.

25. 6. Right Effort (purification of the mind)
(Eightfold Path, continued)
6. Right Effort (purification of the mind)
Preventing evil & unwholesome states of mind from arising
Getting rid of such states of mind that may already exist
Bringing about good & wholesome states of mind
Developing & perfecting good & wholesome states of mind that are already present
Meditation

26. Focusing of attention on:
Meditation
7. Right Mindfulness
(Eightfold Path, continued)
Focusing of attention on:
Activities of the body (breathing, walking, sitting, eating, heartbeat, etc.)
Feelings (anger, fear, joy, pleasure, pain, etc.)
States of mind (thoughts, ideas, etc.)
Ways of conceptualizing things (the Four Noble Truths, the Wheel of Becoming, etc.)

27. 8. Right Concentration The highest level of Meditation
(Eightfold Path, continued)
8. Right Concentration
One-pointed concentration
and
the four absorptions:
Detachment from all sense objects & from negative states of mind; thought processes accompanied by joy
Cessation of all mental activities; internal calm, peace of mind, joy to the point of great elation
Cessation of all passions & prejudices; continued sense of joy
Cessation of joy; total tranquillity & equanimity -- Nirvana (& arhatship)
Preliminary concentration on the Four Sublime Moods: love, compassion, cheerfulness, & impartiality

28. Four Stages of Advancement along the Noble Eightfold Path
The Ten
Fetters
1 Belief in permanent self
2 Doubt
3 Belief in religious rituals
4 Sensual craving
5 Ill will
6 Desire for rebirth in worlds of form
7 Desire for rebirth in formless realms
8 Pride
9 Self-righteousness
10 Ignorance of the true nature of things
Stream-
Entrant
Once-
Returner
Non-
Returner
Overcomes 1-3
Overcomes 1-5
Arhat
Overcomes all

29. The Historical Evolution
of Buddhism

30. The Major Buddhist Traditions
Theravada (“The Way of the Elders”) - Sri Lanka & Southeast Asia
Mahayana (“The Greater Vehicle”) - China, Korea, & Japan (& Tibet & Mongolia)
Vajrayana (“The Way of the Diamond Thunderbolt”) - Tibet & Mongolia * * *
Vajrayana is a development within the Mahayana tradition.

31. & the Rise of Theravada (4th century BC - 1st century AD)
The Early Schools
& the Rise of Theravada
(4th century BC - 1st century AD)

32. Council at Rajagraha (483BC)
Council at Vaisali (383 BC)
Sthaviravada
Mahasamghika
Council at Pataliputta (247 BC)
Vibhajyavada
Sarvastivada
(c. 225 BC)
(c. 200 BC)
Theravada
Vatsiputriya
Golulika
Ekavyavaharika
Sammatiya Bhadrayamiya Dharmottariya Sammagurika
Lokottaravada
(c. 180 BC)
Bahushrutiya
Prajnaptivada
Mahisasaka Kasyapiya Dharmaguptaka
(c. 125 BC)
(c. 100 BC) * *
Vaibheshika
Sautrantika *
Caitika
(c. 50 BC)
Uttarashaila *
Aparashaila
*Contributed to rise of Mahayana

33. of Mahayana (& Vajrayana)
The Rise & Development
of Mahayana (& Vajrayana)

34. Mahayana Buddhism India China Japan Tibet * ** *Nagarjuna
Madhyamaka (2d-3d centuries AD)
Three Treatise School
San-lun
Sanron
Ashvaghosa (1st century AD) **
Consciousness-Only
Yogacara (3d-4th centuries AD)
Mei-shih
Hosso
Tantrayana (3d century AD)
Chen-yen
Shingon (True Word)
Vajrayana (a/k/a Tantrayana & Mantrayana)
Jodo-shu & Jodo-shin-shu
Sukhavati (Pure Land) (1st century AD)
Ching-tu
Ch’an
Ti’en-Tai (Lotus)
Hua-yen (Flower Graland)
Zen
Tendai
Nicheren Shoshu
*Nagarjuna
**Vasubandhu

35. The Spread of Buddhism * * Buddhism out of India by 1000 AD Theravada
Spheres of Influence *
Buddhism out of India by 1000 AD *
Theravada
Mahayana
Vajrayana