1. Buddhism

2. What do you desire ?

3. Siddartha Gautama 5 th Century BC Wealthy Hindu Family The Four Sights A very old man A sick person A dead body A beggar Sought Enlightenment Given the title of Buddha Means “the enlightened one”

4. Quest for Enlightenment Renunciation Comfort vs. Ascetism Middle Path Prayer and Meditation No extreme self-deprivation Found enlightenment Beneath a tree in Bodh Gaya, India Gathered disciples Dhamma- teachings

5. Four Noble Truths Life involves suffering Suffering originates in our desires Suffering will cease if all desires cease There is a way to cease all desire The Eightfold Path Results in Nirvana

6. The Eightfold Path

7. Right View Looking at things appropriately Beginning End Realization of the Four Noble Truths Right Intention Commitment to Self- Improvement Renunciation Good will Harmlessness

8. The Eightfold Path Right Speech Words can break or save lives; make enemies or friends; start war or create peace Tell the Truth Speak friendly, warmly and gently Talk only when necessary Right Action Unwholesome actions lead to unsound states of mind Don’t take life, or cause intentional harm Be Honest Abstain from sexual misconduct

9. The Eightfold Path Right Livelihood Earn living in a manner that is legal and peaceful Prohibited: Weapons Meat (raising or butchering) Drugs and Alcohol Slave trading Prostitution Any thing that would violate right speech or action Right Effort Seen as prerequisite for other principles Without effort nothing can be achieved Prevent negative thoughts and actions yet to occur Correct negative thoughts and actions that have occurred Start positive thoughts and actions yet ot occur Maintain positive thoughts and actions occurring now

10. The Eightfold Path Right Mindfulness Controlled and perfected cognition Mental ability to see things as they are with clear consciousness Awareness Body Feelings State of Mind Phenomena Right Concentration Concentration on wholesome thoughts and actions One-pointedness of mind Meditation

11. Eightfold Path Exercise

12. Schools of Buddhism Theravada Way of the Elders Pali “Cannon” Emphasis on monastic life Lay people encouraged to support monks Primarily in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia Mahayana Great Vehicle Emphasis on common person Enlightenment Compassion Bodhisattvas Enlightened beings dedicated to liberating others from suffering Primarily in Nepal, Tibet, China and East Asia

13. Schools of Buddhism- Vajrayana “Diamond Vehicle” – Tibetan Buddhism Form of Mahayana Buddhism Emphasis on meditative practices, compassionate living, and advanced mystical practices One can become a Buddha in this lifetime Teachers known as “lamas” Dalai Lama Spiritual and Civil Leader of Tibet 14 th incarnation Exiled to Himalayas

14. Geography Persecuted by Hindu Kings Pushed out of India Now more prevalent outside of India Spread to West Zen Tibetan

15. Current State Although detachment encouraged some leaders have promoted proactivity Engaged Buddhism Thich Nhat Hanh Meditation followed by action on insights received Social, Political, and Economic Justice Environmental Activism

16. Meditation Exercise