1. Health and Wellness

3. Infectious Diseases are diseases that are spread through pathogens. Pathogens are agents that invade the body and cause you to be sick. The 2 most common pathogens are Bacteria and Viruses What is the difference between Bacteria and Viruses?

4. Bacteria are single celled organisms that can be treated with medication. Antibiotics can slow or kill the growth of the bacteria if taken completely. Viruses are tiny pathogens that survive and replicate only inside living cells. They cannot be killed with antibiotics. Any medication taken is treating the symptoms. The virus has to run its course.

5. Infectious Diseases are spread 4 ways:  Person to person  Food and water  Environment  Animals

6. Stages of Diseases 1. Infection 2. Incubation 3. Prodromal (Symptoms) 4. Illness 5. Recovery/ Death Pathogen Multiplies Relapse May Occur When a pathogen enters the body, it goes through certain stages before your body gets rid of it.

7. How does our body fight off infections?

8. What is inflammation and how does it help fight infection? Inflammation is a response that shows that the body is attacking pathogens. Inflammation is the 2nd line of defense against disease. Inflammation is a reaction to injury or infection that is characterized by pain, redness, and swelling.

9. If a pathogen gets past the physical barriers, what is the last line of defense against infections? The white blood cells produce antibodies that travel through the lymphatic system to fight the pathogens.

10. Recognition Mobilization Disposal Immunity Stages of the Immune System As the pathogen is going through its stages, the immune system is also going through stages to get rid of it.

11. So how can we prevent infectious diseases from spreading?

12. Some infectious diseases can be prevented by An immunization (vaccine) is a shot used to help prevent contracting a specific disease. A small amount of the pathogen is put in the body so the immune system can develop antibodies, so if exposed to the same pathogen, you can fight it off without getting it.

13. Laws about Immunization… The Texas Department of Health has ruled that students must be current with immunizations in order to attend school unless an exemption has been filed with the school. Reason for Exemptions: Medical Unless it is written in the statement that a lifelong condition exists, the exemption statement is valid for only one year from the date signed by the physician. Religious Too soon after another immunization Immune due to having had the disease Vaccine Shortage

14. What are some other things you can do to help prevent yourself from getting sick?

15. Eat right Get enough sleep Exercise Do not smoke Get regular check ups Practice good hygiene Reduce stress Drink water Get vaccines Avoid sick people

16. So if Infectious Diseases used to be the leading cause of death in the 1900’s… …what do you think is the leading cause of death today?

20. What are 4 things about yourself that you can not change that can influence you getting certain diseases?

21. what do you think is the leading cause of death among teenagers? Soooooo… knowing our lifestyle choices have a big influence on our health,

22. #1 Motor Vehicle Accidents In 2009, more than 3,000 teens in the US aged 15–19 were killed and more than 350,000 were treated in emergency departments for injuries suffered in motor vehicle crashes. 1,2 MAKE UP 67% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19 (out of all unintentional injuries 42%)

23. Newly licensed teens, teens driving with passengers, and male teenagers have the highest risks for motor vehicle accidents. Males are 2 times more likely than females to be involved in a crash. In 2010, 22% of teen drivers involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes were drinking. Teens have the lowest rate of seatbelt use. Teen drivers are 3 times more likely than drivers aged 20 and older to be in a fatal crash. Did you know…

24. Factors that often lead to car crashes are SPEEDING, AGGRESSIVENESS & IMPAIRED DRIVING But the factor that contributes most often to automobile accidents is…

25. What do you think are some of the most common driver behaviors that lead to crashes?

26. One of the biggest growing problems is

27. 40% of all American teens say they have been in the car when the driver used a cell phone in a way that put people in danger. Text messaging creates a crash risk 23 times worse then driving while not distracted. Sending or receiving a text takes a driver’s eyes away from the road for an avg. of 4.6 seconds. While driving 55 MPH that is like driving the length of an entire football field blind. Drivers that use hand-held devices are 4 times more likely to get into a serious crash.

28. What are some things you can do to help avoid being in an accident? Don’t drive under the influence. Avoid driving while tired. Leave room between you and the car in front of you, especially if the weather is bad. Drive the speed limit. Wear your seat belt. Be courteous to other drivers. Be aware of road conditions.

29. With automobile accidents being the leading cause of death among teenagers, it brings up the subject of organ donation. What are your thoughts about organ donation?

30. Organ Donation ◦ One Donor Can:  Save the lives of 8 people  Enhance the lives of more than 50 people ◦ Fast Facts:  More than 110,000 people are waiting for a transplant  More than 10,000 of those people are from Texas  Every 10 minutes a new name is added to the waiting list

31. Donating Organs: When you get your driver’s license, you have the choice of being an organ donor or not. Even if a teenager signs the back of his or her driver’s license to indicate organ donor status, the family still has to give permission in the event of a tragedy. Anyone can go online and register to be an organ donor at www.donatelifetexas.org/register

32. Myths and facts about organ donation : MYTH: If I am in an accident and the hospital knows that I want to be an organ and tissue donor, the doctors will not try to save my life. Truth: Organ and tissue recovery takes place only after all efforts to save your life have been exhausted and death has been legally declared. MYTH: I am not the right age for organ or tissue donation. TRUTH: Organs may be donated from birth to old age. There is no age limit for tissue donation.

33. Myth: Rich and famous people go to the top of the list when they need a donor organ. Fact: The rich and famous aren't given priority when it comes to allocating organs. It may seem that way because of the amount of publicity generated when celebrities receive a transplant, but they are treated no differently from anyone else. The reality is that celebrity and financial status are not considered in organ allocation.

34. The other leading causes of death among teenagers: # 2 Homicide ~ MAKES UP 17% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19 #3 Suicide ~MAKES UP 15% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19 #4 Cancer ~ MAKES UP 6% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19 #5 Heart Disease ~ MAKES UP 3% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19

35. While unintentional injury is listed as the #1 cause of death with 4,807 deaths, of those deaths, 3,242 are from motor vehicle accidents so we consider motor vehicle accidents as the #1 cause of death among 15 – 19 yr. olds. CDC 2009

36. Soooooo ……what are some types of unintentional injury?

37. A fatal injury caused by electricity entering the body and destroying vital tissues.

38. A fatal injury caused by an inability to breathe when the nose and mouth are blocked or when the body becomes oxygen- deficient.

39. Falls Explosions Toxic hazards Electrocution Fires The most common types of unintentional injuries in the workplace are

40. What is the government agency that was created to help prevent work- related injuries, illness and death? Occupational Safety Health Administration

41. RULES OF GUN SAFETY Assume every gun is loaded until you have checked yourself. Open the action when you pick up a gun. Open the action before passing the gun to another person.

42. OTHER RULES OF GUN SAFETY Never shoot at a hard flat surface or water. Never drink or take drugs before or while shooting. Always be sure your action and barrel are clear of obstructions. Store hunting arms under lock and in a separate location from the ammunition. Always unload before crossing a ditch, climbing a fence, entering a stand, or encountering an obstacle.

43. What role do health care professionals and/or agencies have in promoting a healthy community? Do you know what some of the health care agencies are in our community?

44. Preventative Options PROVIDERWHOWHAT Community Unity Care Clinic Adults Children Homeless Walk Ins Adult Primary Care Pediatric Care Women’s Health Behavioral Health Dental Health HIV ARCH-Healthcare for the Homeless Hospital care Pharmacy Family Planning

45. Preventative Options PROVIDERWHOWHAT People’s Clinic Adults Children (By appointment only) Adult Medicine Reproductive Health Prenatal Care Pediatrics Breastfeeding Counseling Adolescent Health Social Work Services Chronic Disease Management Integrated Behavioral Health Tandem Teen Prenatal & Parenting Program

46. Preventative Options PROVIDERWHOWHAT Primary Care Physician Adults Children Any basic medical care Immunizations After Hours Clinics Adults Children Any basic medical care Immunizations Urgent Care Clinics Adults Children Any basic medical care Immunizations

47. Treatment Options PROVIDERWHOWHAT Any place listed on previous slides as well as… Emergency Rooms Adults Children Uninsured Any emergency health concern Any Injury HospitalsAdults Children Uninsured Any emergency health concern Any Injury Surgery

48. What measures do you take to prevent anything going wrong with your body? If you were an expensive, one-of-a- kind car, what measures would you take to make sure you stayed in tip-top condition?