1. Establishing a Desirable Behavior by Using Escape and Avoidance Conditioning
Chapter 13

2. Escape Conditioning
Removal of aversive stimuli after response, increases likelihood of response
Negative Reinforcement
Aversive stimulus must be present for desired response to occur
Preparatory training for Avoidance Conditioning

3. Escape Conditioning

4. Avoidance Conditioning
Behavior will increase in frequency if it prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring
Prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring

5. Avoidance Conditioning

6. Discriminated Avoidance Conditioning
Includes a warning signal of forthcoming aversive stimulus
Conditioned aversive stimulus – warning stimulus
The aversive stimulus becomes the conditioned punisher after warning

7. Pitfall of Escape and Avoidance Conditioning
Undesirable behavior may be strengthened
Inadvertent establishment of conditioned aversive stimuli
Individual responds by avoiding or escaping them
Maintains undesirable behaviors of the teacher or other caregivers

8. Guidelines for the Effective Application
Avoidance procedure preferable over escape procedure
Target behavior should be established by escape conditioning before it is put on an avoidance procedure
Use warning signal to signal impending aversive stimulus during avoidance conditioning
Use escape and avoidance conditioning cautiously
Use positive reinforcement in conjunction with escape and avoidance conditioning
Individuals should be told about the contingencies