1. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Building Performance for Emergency Response Incident Examination and Tactical Response Presented by: Mark J. Saxelby, Los Angeles City Fire Department (retired) www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby1

2. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Purpose A discussion to stimulate thought processes to identify the knowns and possibilities of high-rise response until a level of awareness is reached so a systematic approach is utilized to eliminate them one-by- one as a adverse contributing factor to operations www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby2

3. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby3

4. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby4

5. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby5

6. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby6

7. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby7

8. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 “High-Rise” Defined NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code, 2012 edition, defines a high-rise building as a building more than 75 feet (23 meters) in height, measured from the lowest level of fire department vehicle access to the floor of the highest occupiable story. (A height of 75 feet translates into roughly seven stories.) www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby8

9. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 “SYNERGISTIC” Relationship Building Codes Building Design Building Construction Integrated Systems Building Staff Emergency Responder Knowledge Emergency Responder Preparation www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby9

10. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Multiple Responder Challenges Construction/Integrated Systems Access Water Supply Ventilation/Smoke Removal Personnel Movement Equipment Movement Occupants (Evacuation) Communications Command www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby10

11. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Construction/I ntegrated Systems Built to what standard? – Compartmentalization – Structural Protection – Stairwells What systems are installed and functional? – Alarm System – Fire Pump – Standpipes – Sprinklers – Ventilation – Communications www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby11

12. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Access Location for “Base” Clear Access to Building Access to Stairwells Stairwell Design Occupant Evacuation Route Room to prepare for “Fire Attack” (vestibules) Helipad www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby12

13. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Water Supply Water System Type – Dry/Wet/Combination Fire Pump Operational Water Supply Type Outlet Types Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) Orifice Plate Sprinkler System Status High Pressures www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby13

14. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Ventilation/ Smoke Removal Building System Design – By Floor – Pressurize Stairwells Fire Department Positive Pressure Horizontal Ventilation – Effect on Access/Evacuation Vertical Ventilation PURPOSE Clear products of combustion for occupants. Remove heat to provide firefighter access. www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby14

15. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Movement of Personnel and Equipment Base to Lobby Lobby to Staging Staging to Fire Base to Lobby dictated by location of “Base”. Lobby to Staging. Stairwell Support. By Personnel “going up”. Elevator. Staging to Fire As Needed By personnel “going up”. www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby15

16. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Evacuation- Rescue Occupants using same access as responders Occupants needing aid Exit corridor outside Holding area for Law Enforcement interview Family Reunion area www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby16

17. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Communications Robust Legacy Agency Radio System Bi-directional Amplifiers (BDA) High Output Mobile Radios Building Integrated Systems – Hard-wired – Public Address – Telephone www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby17

18. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Command Operational Implement a system of operations familiar to all members of the organization. – Standard ICS Organization – Train on the system Command must fight the “Information Vacuum” Ensure Accountability www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby18

19. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Command Operational Establish a “basic” management framework – Fire Attack – Lobby Control – Staging – Base – Water Supply www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby19

20. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Prepare to expand to meet the needs of the incident. – Better to early then too late – Division Supervisors Geographic location – Groups Function – Branches Function Geographic Agency Command Operational www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby20

21. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Typical Problem Areas Water Supply Fire Protection Systems Function Evacuation Multiple Studies (Including) USFA-TR-082/April 1996 Special Report: Operational Considerations for Highrise Firefighting National Fire Protection Association, Fire Analysis and Research Division, High-rise Building Fires, John R. Hall, Jr. September 2013 www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby21

22. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Typical Problem Areas www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby22

23. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Typical Problem Areas www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby23

24. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Typical Problem Areas www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby24

25. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Issues We Need To Address For Success Building Codes Testing, Inspection and Enforcement Development and Utilization of Standard Operating Procedures Fire Department Training Properly Equip Emergency Responders Occupant Training www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby25

26. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Building Codes Fully Sprinklered Compartmentalization Protection of Vertical Openings and Shafts Evacuation Considerations System Redundancies www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby26

27. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Testing, Inspection and Enforcement Initial and “routine” systems testing – Sprinklers – Standpipes – Pressure Reducing Devices – Ventilation System(s) – Elevator Functions – Alarm Systems – Communications Systems – Construction Alterations and Modifications www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby27

28. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Development and Utilization of Response Standard Operating Procedures Level of response (i.e., number and type of apparatus dispatched) Duties of incoming apparatus (1st, 2nd, 3rd due) Establishment and structure of command Accountability Safety Use of elevators and stairwells www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby28

29. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Development and Utilization of Response Standard Operating Procedures Evacuation and rescue Water supply Hoses and nozzles for interior operations Ventilation Procedures Contingency plans for failure of fire protection systems www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby29

30. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Initial Actions/Attack Framework Identify fire floor Initiate fire attack Provide for the life safety of persons in immediate danger Provide water supply for the initial attack Establish lobby control Call for additional resources Begin to establish support systems (staging, resources, etc.) Establish ventilation group Size-up of the fire floor/floor above www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby30

31. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Fire Department Training Command Initial Attack Operations Pump Operator Pre-Incident Planning Fire Protection Systems – Pressure Reducing Devices – Water Supply Issues – Hose Selection Systems Failure www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby31

32. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Properly Equip Emergency Responders High Pressure Hose – Pump Operator – Handlines Selectable/Multi Function Nozzles Specialized Equipment – Ventilation Equipment – Specialized Nozzles – Special Needs Occupants Support Continued Development of Equipment – Next Generation SCBA – HeroPipe® Devices www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby32

33. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 Occupant Training Disaster Planning “Floor Warden” Program Evacuation Procedures Evacuation Exercises Fire Protection Systems Shelter “in-place” Special Assistance Occupants Elevator Use www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby33

34. State of Kuwait 3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo 4-6 March 2014 In Review We know what the issues are We know what is needed to address the issues We know what the major challenges are We know what the problem areas are We know how to meet those challenges and overcome the problems Are you motivated to initiate action? www.kfsd.gov.kw - Mark Saxelby34