1. The Metamorphosis pg. 1066
Franz Kafka

2. AT THE BELL
Imagine you wake up one day to find your friends do not recognize you, find you repulsive, and cannot understand you when you speak.
Write a creative paragraph of what happened to you while you were sleeping.

3. Kafka’s background in relation to the novella
Spent a lifetime seeking approval from father
Became the key element to his personality of lifelong guilt, anxiety, and lack of self-confidence
Wrote the Metamorphosis when he was 29 in 1912
1917- TB
1924- died born 1883

4. Novella
Type of fiction which are longer and more complex than short stories, but shorter and simpler than novels.
Compared to a novel it focuses on limited number of characters, shorter period of time, and a single chain of events
Point of View- written in 3rd person limited. He tells us Gregor’s thoughts and feelings ONLY. We do not learn what the other characters are thinking or feeling unless they show us by their words or actions. Much of it is actually an interior monologue –in the theatre we call it stream of consciousness. This effect makes his inner reality seem more important that what is actually occurring in the world around him.

5. Modernism/ Expressionism/Surrealism
Objective: As we read The Metamorphosis your goal is to find out how Kafka uses the main character (Gregor) to reveal three certain characteristics of modernism:
How does Kafka attempt to capture the realities of modern life?
How does he manage to express a sense of uncertainty and alienation
How does he leave you to draw your own conclusion?

6. The Modernist Writer KNOW FOR FINAL
Popular after World War II Why? What did this technique of writing reflect?
Writing subtly implied rather than directly
What does this writing force the reader to do?
Began abandoning traditional plot structure
Name the traditional structure
Knowing that modernists were clearly writing outside the box, which two areas were probably eliminated? What do these two areas offer when writing a short story or novella?
From what you know about modernism, do you think Gregor will return to his original form? Why/Why not?

8. No one way of interpreting Kafka
Early 19th C movement: expressionism- based on the belief that inner reality, or a person’s thoughts and feelings are more important than the “objective” reality outside the person. --the response is more important than the situation that caused the response. writers, artists, musicians used SYMBOLISM, exaggerations, distortion, dark imagery, fantasy to portray this inner reality. Most popular in Germany in the 1900’s…..

9. No one way of interpreting Kafka
Surrealism - developed in France in early 1900’s as a reaction to realism and stressed the power of the imagination and dreams over conscious control. Ex. Salvador Dali’s famous “Dripping Watches”

11. PART 1
After reading the first few paragraphs, predict Gregor’s ailment.
Discuss the things in Gregor’s bedroom, especially the picture of the girl..
Define symbolism. Now that the symbol has been revealed, why does Kafka chose to have Gregor change into a dung beetle? What has affected Gregor so negatively?

12. Part 1
Do you have sympathy for Gregor? If so, why and at what times? If not, why not?
How does Gregor feel about his job? Find evidence to reveal his feelings
What is his role in the family? Why does he have so much responsibility? How is this role about to change?
What happens to Gregor when he leaves his room to meet the office manager? What does this part reveal about his father?

13. Part 1
From Gregor’s point of view, what might be some positive aspects of his metamorphosis into an insect?
What circumstances in his life might have caused him to feel dehumanized even before the metamorphosis took place?

14. No one way of interpreting Kafka
Existentialism --philosophical movement created
in 20th c France
Emphasizes philosophy of individual existence, freedom, choice
It has many different forms, but one of the most important elements is a belief that people are “created” by the experiences they undergo. It is action and making choices that give life meaning.
Do not believe in God or fate, but rather that human beings were free to make their own MORAL CHOICES in life regardless of how it affects other around them and if it does not conform to society. All happens by chance.

15. Existentialism
Morally- you must find your own way—no religious doctrine/morals
Your passion decides questions of truth
Most important questions are not understood through science or reason
Freedom to choose –choices make your existence—accept responsibility-no excuses irrelevant whether positive or negative—it just IS.

16. Ex. cont Death is always a choice never understand why we are here
Overall- pessimistic
Absurd: the only given in life is death
No salvation
Life always incomplete and purposeless

17. Existentialism values repeated in a different way….
emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual experience in a hostile or indifferent universe to create his/her own life
regards human existence as unexplainable (no God)
stresses freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of one's acts

18. No one way of interpreting Kafka
Once final movement that claimed Kafka as their own is Freudianism—a theory of psychology by Sigmund Freud. Every human action is influenced by the unconscious mind. Early experiences, such as the relationship with one’s father have a profound effect on the development of the unconscious.

19. Part 2
Objective: to discover whether Gregor’s situation may be a form of self-punishment

20. Part 2
DO NOW: Do you think people ever hope to be punished for something they have done, said, or even thought? How might this wish lead people into a form of self-punishment?
Grab a partner, make a list of the kinds of situations in which people might consciously or unconsciously wish to be punished.

21. Part 2 What parts of the story do you find humorous?
In this part, we learn much about Gregor’s sense of guilt.
What parts of the story do you find humorous?
What does Gregor’s father reveal about the family’s financial status? What is Gregor’s reaction when he learns the truth about their finances?
What does Gregor’s response tell you about him when his sister decides to remove the furniture from his room?

22. Part 2
How is Gregor wounded? What symbolic significance might the object that wounds him have?
What words would you use to describe Kafka’s style? Does his writing remind you of any other books, music, movies?

23. Group Activity
Create a list of 10 important rules for creating and maintaining a healthy family life.
Give a grade to the Samsa family on how well they follow your group’s rules. Or
Choose with Gregor eating his rotten food, hiding under his couch, listening at the door or looking out the window, hanging from the ceiling and using details create a cartoon.

24. Part 3
In this third part, the father figure looms over the chapter. Think about how his real life father might have influenced him.
How do you respond to the ending ? What other endings might the story have had?
Why has Grete’s attitude toward Gregor changed?
Who comes to live with the Samsas? What might be the significance of these new characters? Why did Kafka not give them names?

25. Part 3
How does Gregor respond to his sister’s violin playing? What might he be implying about Gregor by describing this reaction?
In what manner does the narrator imply he has died? What other forces might have led to his death?
What effect does Gregor’s metamorphosis ultimately have on his family?
Gregor finally realizes his existentialism towards the end of the novel How so? Look at slide 14 for “values”
Do you think his death can be seen as a sacrifice in any way? Movie with Will Smith…

26. Big questions
What could the transformation, or metamorphosis represent in Gregor's life?
What could Gregor's metamorphosis symbolize?
Gregor's metamorphosis poignantly illustrates the power struggle within this family and shows how Gregor's transformation alters the family's dynamics.
select symbol to represent an important issue, handout writing assignment: write a description of symbol’s meaning

27. The Stranger Theme
The overall theme of The Stranger relates to the ideas of Absurdism and Existentialism; through Meursault’s character, Camus confronts the definition of existence and how life has no immediate purpose.

28. Albert Camus born November 7, 1913 in Mondovi, Algeria.
He experienced a poor childhood and suffered from tuberculosis.
He was a member of the French Communist Party.
In 1940 married --loved his wife. He had several affairs.
He supported the philosophy of Absurdism.
The public often associated him with the idea of existentialism, but he rejected the label.
He was a pacifist; he disagreed with the idea of capital punishment.
In 1957, he received the Nobel Peace Prize in Literature.
Albert Camus died January 4, 1960 in a car accident.

29. Genre The genre of The Stranger is realistic fiction and also drama.
It is realistic fiction because although it is not based on true events, the situations could logically occur.
It is a dramatic piece of literature because there are aspects of suspense and confliction.

30. Setting
Significance: The setting plays an important role in Meursault’s environment because the world around him affects his actions. He is very descriptive when speaking about his surroundings.
Time Period: Modern
Locations: Meursault’s home in Alger, Algeria; The old folk’s home in Marengo; The Beach; Jail cell.
Social context: Middle class.
Takes place over a period of several years.

31. Point of View
The Speaker is Meursault The diction is very informal because the story is told from Meursault’s point of view. The reader is exposed to Meursault’s thoughts and feelings, and the fact that Meursault himself isn’t very well spoken contributes to this effect. Camus uses Meursault to achieve his desired effect with Meursault’s great attention to detail and the significance of physical influences. Also Meursault’s indifference and lack of motivation.

32. Symbolism & Tone symbol of heat and light repeated throughout novel
Example: When he shoots the Arab the sun is burning and shining intensely upon him, affecting his thoughts and judgment.
Repetition: A repeated idea in the novel is the significance of heat and light
Example: When he shoots the Arab the sun is burning and shining intensely upon him, affecting his thoughts and judgment.

33. Plot Meursault’s mother dies, he attends her funeral
He reunites with Marie
He encounters Salamano and his mangy dog
Meursault dines with Raymond and writes Raymond’s letter
Meursault and Marie witness Raymond abusing his girlfriend
Meursault, Marie and Raymond go to the Masson’s beach house
Conflict with the Arabs; Meursault kills the Arabic man
Meursault is arrested for murdering the Arab
Meursault goes to jail
Meursault meets with the magistrate and speak about religion
Meursault is tried for his crime; he is sentenced to death
Meursault is visited by the chaplain, and proceeds to attack him
In his final moments, Meursault accepts the fact that he must die and finally ponders his existence

34. Significant Relationships:
CHARACTERS
Significant Relationships:
Meursault and Marie’s relationship is puzzling to the readers, for they enjoy each other's company, but their love is questionable. Marie is in love with Meursault, but Meursault doesn’t express those types of feelings.
Meursault and Raymond’s relationship is somewhat superficial. They are friends, but there is no deep connection or understanding between them. Meursault simply conforms to what Raymond does and thinks, emphasizing Meursault's lack of conviction.
Raymond’s negative relationship with the Arabs leads to the conflicts faced by Meursault. Their issues cause the encounter between Meursault and the Arab at the beach, as well as the subsequent murder.
Meursault
Maman
Raymond
Celeste
The Director
Caretaker
Marie
Arabs
Masson
Salamano

35. Making connections
After reading both pieces, You will compare or contrast the following in a lit analysis essay: You will have 1 period to write this in the WRITING LAB on Monday May 9th
The two main protagonists both feature a situation that arises out of an existentialism value—look on my power point for slides Choose 1 situation and value to focus on and write a comparison or contrasting essay.
Rubric:
FOCUS: INTRODUCTION consists of the usual: hook, titles, authors, thesis explaining the situation and value
CONTENT: comparison or contrast book by book which means paragraph by paragraph OR sentence by sentence which means one characters then the other within the same paragraph
ORGANZIZATION: FULL SENTENCE Transitions exist AT THE END OF EACH PARAGRAPH LEADING INTO THE NEXT ONE. Proper comparison or contrast transitions are used
STYLE: Word choice/ passive/active voice, staying in the same tense/3rd person
CONVENTIONS: ALL COMMAS ARE CORRECTLY PLACED.