1. Focus On Grammar Book 2, 5 th edition Lesson 12: Comparatives and Superlatives

2. 12.1 – Overview Superlatives = the #1 item (or items) in a group of three or more. – He is the best/worst/tallest/shortest student. – They are the best students. Comparatives = inequality between two individuals or groups. – The boys are taller than the girls. – Jackson is taller than the girls.

3. 12.1b – (not) as … as As … as  to show equality – Edrissa has as much money as Ali. – Jackson is (almost) as tall as Jackson. NOT as … as  the FIRST one is LESS – Canola oil is not as unhealthy as palm oil. – The teacher is not as poor as the student. – Your car is not as fast as mine.

4. 12.2 – Superlatives Short (one syllable)  the ###est Long (two or more)  the most ### “One of the ###” uses PLURAL – One of several “in the world/country/class” “of all time” “Ever”

5. 12.3 - Forms One Syllable (and two syllable, ending in –y) (and some other two syllable) – Adj/Adv –er than – The Adj/Adv -est Three and more syllables – More Adj/Adv than – The most Adj/Adv Irregulars Spelling rules

6. 12.4 – Superlative Word Order Adjectives before Nouns (like always) – BE verb? Noun is noun… Adverbs come after verbs

7. 12.5 – Comparatives Check 12.3 for forms and spelling rules Remove THAN if second item is not mentioned Much or A little before comparative adj/adv SUBJ or OBJ pronoun? – Obj. is ok any time; with the HV, only use subj. Cause and result…

8. 12.6 – Comparative Word Order Adjective goes – After BE / Linking verb – Before a noun Adverb goes – After the Action Verb – (just before “THAN”)

9. 12.7 – As Adj/Adv As Shows Equality Not as … as  inequality (first one is less Adj/adv. If the second item is omitted, drop the second “as”

10. 12.8 – As much/Many nouns as Same as 12.7, but with nouns Can be used with verbs, too

11. 12.9 – The same NOUN as Shows two things are the same.. – Their books were the same as mine. – We all had the same books.

12. 12.10 Nouns & Adjectives Nouns – The same Noun as – As much/many noun(s) as Adjectives – As Adj. as

13. 12.11 – Like & Alike Same meaning; different patterns – Example with plural nouns A are 12.12 /dress/seem/eat LIKE B A and B are 12.12 /dress/seem/eat ALIKE – “You play like a champion.” – These are both different from “A like B”

14. 12.12 Like & Alike with BE See 12.11

15. 12.13 The Same As & Different From Two patterns – A……..B A is (not) the same as B A is (not) different from B – A and B……. A and B are (not) the same A and B are (not) different

16. 12.Xxx Quantities Countable – We saw many more animals in the park than in the city Uncountable – He drinks much more water than I do.