1. Columbia River Redband Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri Randall Osborne District 2 Fisheries Biologist Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife March 2013

2. Major Divisions of Rainbow Trout Redband Interior Columbia River Northern Great Basin and Klamath Basin Sacramento River Basin (California Golden Trout, Kern and Little Kern Golden Trout, Sacramento Redband Trout) Coastal North America (Alaska to California) Asia (Kamchatkan Peninsula)

3. Major Divisions of Rainbow Trout Redband Interior Columbia River Northern Great Basin and Klamath Basin Sacramento River Basin (California Golden Trout, Kern and Little Kern Golden Trout, Sacramento Redband Trout) Coastal North America (Alaska to California) Asia (Kamchatkan Peninsula)

4. Major Divisions of Rainbow Trout Redband Interior Columbia River Northern Great Basin and Klamath Basin Sacramento River Basin (California Golden Trout, Little Kern Golden Trout, Sacramento Redband Trout) Coastal North America (Alaska to California) Asia (Kamchatkan Peninsula)

5. Major Divisions of Rainbow Trout Redband Interior Columbia River Northern Great Basin (Upper Klamath Lake and Desert Basins) Sacramento River Basin (California Golden Trout, Kern and Little Kern Golden Trout, Sacramento Redband Trout) Coastal North America (Alaska to California) Asia (Kamchatkan Peninsula)

6. Historical Distribution of Redband Trout Redband Interior Columbia River Northern Great Basin Sacramento River Basin Coastal West of Cascade Range Redbands Coastal

7. Redband Trout Biology Habitat High mountain forests to desert streams to lakes and reservoirs

8. Redband Trout Biology Habitat Cover Mix of Substrate Types

9. Redband Trout Biology Habitat Pools and Pocket Water

10. Redband Trout Biology Habitat Spawning March-June Loose Gravels

11. Redband Trout Biology Habitat Undercut banks Riparian cover

12. Redband Trout Biology Habitat Large woody debris

13. Redband Trout Life History Resident −Entire life in natal tributary stream

14. Redband Trout Life History Fluvial −Juveniles rear in tributary, migrate to larger river and reside as adult, return to natal tributary to spawn

15. Photo courtesy of Jack Mitchell, The Evening Hatch Guide Service. Redband Trout Life History Adfluvial −Juveniles rear in tributary, migrate to lake to reside as adult, return to natal tributary to spawn

16. Redband Trout Life History Anadromous −Juveniles rear in tributary, migrate to ocean as juveniles and reside until adulthood, then migrate back to natal stream to spawn

17. Limiting Factors Habitat degradation and loss − Siltation from poor land-use practices − Development “the character of this stream (Little Spokane River) is being materially changed with the advent of civilization” (Gilbert and Evermann 1895)

18. Limiting Factors Passage Barriers − Culverts − Dams

19. Limiting Factors Pollution − Domestic − Recreation − Industrial − Mining

20. Limiting Factors Flow and Temperature Changes

21. Limiting Factors Hybridization Natural Hatchery “Pure populations of gairdneri, uncontaminated by hatchery rainbow trout, are now relatively rare.” (Behnke 2002)

22. Limiting Factors Predation Competition

23. Limiting Factors Harvest

24. Questions?