1. “Whenever I hear of the capture of rare beetles, I feel like an old warhorse at the sound of a trumpet.” Charles Darwin

2. Problems from Last Week Make sure that you know the terms for the anatomy of the groups we are studying.

3. Entomology Lab Week 3 1)Entognatha 1)Protura 2)Diplura 3)Collembola 2)Ectognatha - Insects 1)Ametabola: 1)Archeognatha 2)Zygentoma 2)Palaeoptera 1)Emphemeroptera 2)Odonata

4. Proturan Mouthparts

5. Phylogeny Orders for Today Hexapoda Ectognatha Entognatha Insecta Diplura Protura Collembola Thysanura Archeognatha Zygentoma Ephemeroptera Odonata Neoptera - “new wing” vast majority of insects Palaeoptera

6. Order - Diplura - Compound eyes absent - Antennae longer than head, with 10 or more bead-like segments - Abdomen with 10 visible segments - Cerci present

7. Order - Protura - Antennae absent - Compound eyes absent - Head conical, all mouthparts enclosed within the head capsule - Front legs directed forward (probably sensory in function) - Cerci and abdominal filaments entirely absent

8. Order - Collembola Furcula collophore 4-6 segment antenna Compound eye

9. Collembola * Compound eyes absent or reduced to a cluster of not more than 8 ommatidia * Antennae 4- to 6-segmented * Abdomen 6-segmented * Ventral tube (collophore) present on first abdominal segment * Furcula (springtail) attached ventrally to fourth abdominal segment * Body frequently clothed with scales

10. Class Insecta What are the synapomorphies shared by all insect groups?

11. Traits unique to insects * lack of musculature beyond the first segment of antenna. * Johnston's organ in pedicel (second segment) of antenna. This organ is a collection of sensory cells that detect movement of the flagellum. * a transverse bar forming the posterior tentorium inside the head * tarsi subsegmented * females with ovipositor formed by gonapophyses from segments 8 and 9 * annulated, terminal filament extending out from end of segment 11 of abdomen (subsequently lost in most groups of insects)

12. Traits typical of most insects Wings Compound Eyes and Ocelli Exposed mouthparts Well developed thorax Metamorphosis Leg with six segments Antenna

13. Order - Archaeognatha Bristletails * Body cylindrical in shape and tapered posteriorly * Thorax somewhat arched dorsally * Compound eyes large, often touching; ocelli usually present * Antennae long, thread-like, and multisegmented * Tarsi 3-segmented * Abdomen with ten complete segments * Eleventh abdominal segment elongated to form a median caudal filament * Cerci present, shorter than median caudal filament * Short, lateral styli (rudimentary appendages) present on abdominal segments 2-9

14. Order - Zygentoma Silverfish * Body relatively flat, tapered and often covered with scales * Compound eyes small or absent * Antennae long, thread-like, and multisegmented * Abdomen with ten complete segments * Eleventh abdominal segment elongated to form a median caudal filament * Cerci present, nearly as long as median caudal filament * Styliform appendages located on abdominal segments 7-9

15. Order - Ephemeroptera Mayflies * Antennae short and bristle-like * Front legs long and often held out in front of body * Compound eyes large, usually covering most of the head * Wings: four membranous wings with many veins and crossveins front wings large, triangular hind wings smaller, fan-shaped * Abdomen slender, bearing two (or sometimes three) long terminal filaments *Vestigial mouthparts

17. Order - Odonata Dragonflies and Damselflies * Antennae short and bristle-like * Compound eyes large, often covering most of the head * Four membraneous wings with many veins and crossveins * One distinctively pigmented cell (stigma) on leading edge of wing * Abdomen: long and slender

19. Odonata Wing Nodus Pterostigma

20. Costa (C) - the leading edge of the wing Subcosta (Sc) - second longitudinal vein (behind the costa), typically unbranched Radius (R) - third longitudinal vein, one branch reaches the wing margin Media (M) - fourth longitudinal vein, one to four branches reach the wing margin Cubitus (Cu) - fifth longitudinal vein, one to three branches reach the wing margin Anal veins (A1, A2, A3) - unbranched veins behind the cubitus Names of crossveins are based on their position relative to longitudinal veins: c-sc crossveins run between the costa and subcosta r crossveins run between adjacent branches of the radius r-m crossveins run between the radius and media m-cu crossveins run between the media and cubitus

21. Today Key Odonata to Family View Collembola under the microscope

22. Next Week Orthopteroids and Dermapterans