Lesson 14.4a: The Abolition Movement

Lesson 14.4a: The Abolition Movement
Today we will identify major leaders of the abolition movement and their viewpoints.

14.4 Essential Question In what ways did the spread of democracy lead to calls for freedom for slaves, and more rights for women?

Today’s Vocabulary identify – point out or describe
major – big or important abolition movement – organized effort to end slavery viewpoint – how someone sees or thinks about something

Before the early 1830s, slavery was discussed calmly.
Since slavery was banned in the North, most of the early abolitionists were southerners. Before the early 1830s, slavery was discussed calmly. Since slavery was banned in the North, most of the early abolitionists were southerners.

The first abolitionists were Quakers, who believed that all people had the same `spark of divinity,' making slavery immoral. The first abolitionists were Quakers. Quakers believed that all people had the same `spark of divinity,' making slavery immoral. Quakers were among the first to free their slaves. Some Quakers traveled the countryside urging slave-owners to free their slaves. Quakers were among the first to free their slaves. Some Quakers traveled the countryside urging slave-owners to free their slaves.

In the 1820s, Benjamin Lundy also urged southerners to free their slaves, and for the nation to help free blacks move to Haiti, Canada or Texas (which was still part of Mexico). Lundy tried to use persuasion on slave-owners rather than attacks and condemnation. In the 1820s, Benjamin Lundy urged southerners to free their slaves, and for the nation to help free blacks move to Haiti, Canada or Texas (which was still part of Mexico). Lundy tried to use persuasion on slave-owners rather than attacks and condemnation.

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

How did Benjamin Lundy work to end slavery?
Published an antislavery newspaper Introduced an Constitutional amendment to abolish slavery Supported the colonization movement Published a collection of newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery Tried to persuade slave-owners to free their slaves voluntarily

What did the abolitionist efforts of Quakers and Benjamin Lundy have in common?
Both published antislavery newspapers. Both helped runaway slaves escape to the North. Both tried to persuade slave owners rather than use violence or insults. Both spoke out publicly in speeches against slavery.

Benjamin Banneker was a free black born in Maryland.
A mathematician and astronomer, he published an almanac that rivaled Franklin's for accuracy. John Adams cited Banneker's achievements as proof that intelligence is not a factor of skin color. Benjamin Banneker was a free black born in Maryland. A mathematician and astronomer, he published an almanac that rivaled Franklin's for accuracy, and John Adams cited Banneker's achievements as proof that intelligence is not a factor of skin color.

Later in life, Banneker surveyed the District of Colombia and contributed to the design of the capital city. Later in life, Banneker surveyed the District of Colombia and contributed to the design of the capital city. He corresponded with Washington, Jefferson and others about the evils of slavery. But because of the increasing profitability of cotton production, Banneker and the Quakers were not able to influence many slave-owners. He corresponded with Washington, Jefferson and others about the evils of slavery.

But because of the increasing profitability of cotton production, Banneker and the Quakers were not able to influence many slave-owners.

How did Benjamin Banneker work to end slavery?
Published an antislavery newspaper Introduced an Constitutional amendment to abolish slavery His accomplishments proved that blacks were not inferior to whites Published a collection of newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery Wrote Washington and Jefferson about the evils of slavery Write down the letter of every true response to this question!

In the 1820s, a large anti-slavery movement emerged, supported by southerners and represented by organizations such as the American Colonization Society. In the 1820s, a large anti-slavery movement emerged, supported by southerners and represented by organizations such as the American Colonization Society.

While those who believed in colonization opposed slavery, they also believed that blacks and whites could not live together in harmony. While they opposed slavery, they also believed that blacks and whites could not live together in harmony. Therefore, while they urged slaveowners to free their slaves, they also raised money to pay for the transportation of free blacks to West Africa. Therefore, while they urged slave-owners to free their slaves, they also raised money to pay for the transportation of free blacks to West Africa.

President James Monroe, Chief Justice John Marshall and House Speaker Henry Clay were supporters of the colonization movement. By 1860, nearly 11,000 blacks had gone to Liberia in West Africa, and helped found and build that country. But most blacks refused colonization, insisting that the U. S. was their home.

For a time, even Southern slave-owners who rejected abolition often supported colonization of free blacks.

By 1860, nearly 11,000 blacks had gone to Liberia in West Africa, and helped found and build that country. President James Monroe, Chief Justice John Marshall and House Speaker Henry Clay were supporters of the colonization movement. And even Southern slaveowners who rejected abolition often supported colonization of free blacks. But most blacks refused colonization, insisting that the U. S. was their home.

How did those who supported colonization work against slavery?
Helped runaway slaves escape to freedom. Tried to demonstrate how blacks and whites could live side by side Tried to find highly intelligent African Americans to show that blacks were not inferior to whites Raised money to send freed slaves back to Africa

William Lloyd Garrison was one of the most uncompromising abolitionists of his day.
He said slave-owners were evil and should not receive reimburse-ment for slaves freed by legislation. Abolition must be complete, immediate, and without compensation. William Lloyd Garrison was one of the most uncompromising abolitionists of his day. He was completely unwilling to compromise on slavery. Slaveowners were evil and should not receive reimbursement for slaves freed by legislation. Abolition must be complete, immediate, and without compensation.

Garrison didn't care what other social or economic problems might be caused by immediate emancipation. His words were so extreme and so harsh that he alienated many people who might otherwise have supported his cause. Garrison didn't care what other social or economic problems might be caused by immediate emancipation. His words were so extreme and so harsh that he alienated many people who might otherwise have supported his cause.

In the South, Garrison was despised as one who encouraged slaves to revolt.
Copies of his antislavery newspaper “The Liberator” were banned, and a $5,000 reward was offered to anyone who would capture Garrison and bring him to Georgia to stand trial. In the South, Garrison was despised as one who encouraged slaves to revolt. Copies of his antislavery newspaper “The Liberator” were banned, and a $5,000 reward was offered to anyone who would capture Garrison and bring him to Georgia to stand trial.

-- William Lloyd Garrison
“I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . I will not equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – and I WILL BE HEARD!” -- William Lloyd Garrison

1. How did William Lloyd Garrison work to end slavery?
Published an antislavery newspaper Introduced an Constitutional amendment to abolish slavery Supported the colonization movement Published a collection of newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery Wrote Washington and Jefferson to urge their support for abolition

Elijah P. Lovejoy was a Presbyterian minister and editor of the Observer, and his editorials criticized slavery in very hostile words. Elijah P. Lovejoy was another extreme abolitionist. He also spoke out against alcohol and Roman Catholicism, but it was his abolitionist views that angered his neighbors.

An angry mob broke into his printing office in 1837.
They dumped his printing press into the Mississippi River, burned his office, and murdered him. An angry mob broke into his printing office in They dumped his printing press into the Mississippi River, burned his office, and murdered him.

How did Elijah P. Lovejoy work to end slavery?
Published an antislavery newspaper Introduced an Constitutional amendment to abolish slavery Supported the colonization movement Published a collection of newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery Tried to persuade slave-owners to free their slaves voluntarily

A more successful abolitionist was Theodore Dwight Weld.
He tried to build a large antislavery movement by appealing to the consciences of Midwestern farmers and church groups. A more successful abolitionist was Theodore Dwight Weld. He tried to build a large antislavery movement by appealing to the consciences of Midwestern farmers and church groups.

Weld published a collection of newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery under the title, “American Slavery As It Is.” Weld especially focused on southern accounts, in order to counter southern claims that slave abuse almost never occurred. Weld published a collection of newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery under the title, “American Slavery As It Is.” Weld especially focused on southern accounts, in order to counter southern claims that slave abuse almost never occurred.

Weld’s wife Angelina Grimke and her sister Sarah were from a slaveholding family in South Carolina, but had been converted to abolition by Quakers. Weld was married to Angelina Grimke. She and her sister Sarah were from a slaveholding family in South Carolina, but had been converted to abolition by Quakers. Many conventional Americans were shocked by the idea of two women speaking out publicly against slavery. Sarah Grimke Angelina Grimke

Many conventional Americans were shocked by the idea of two women speaking out publicly on any subject.

How did the Grimke sisters work to end slavery?
Published an antislavery newspaper Supported the ‘gag rule’ Opposed the colonization movement Published a collection of newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery Made many public speeches against slavery

Former President John Quincy Adams fought the ‘gag rule’ and supported Weld’s work.
As a member of the House of Representatives, he read Weld’s antislavery petitions in Congress. He introduced a consti-tutional amendment to ban slavery throughout the United States.

Adams also took part in the Amistad case.
African prisoners aboard the slave ship Amistad had rebelled, and seized the ship. Adams successfully argued their case in the U.S. Supreme Court. The Africans were granted their freedom and were allowed to return to Africa.

2. How did John Quincy Adams work against slavery in Congress?
Introduced the ‘gag rule’ Introduced an amendment to abolish slavery Defended the Amistad defendants Published a collection of newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery Read antislavery petitions in Congress Write down the letter of every true response to this question!

In the North, free blacks could become involved in the abolition movement.
In the North, free blacks could become involved in the abolition movement. Some black abolitionists had once been slaves themselves, and could tell of slavery's horrors based on personal experience. Some black abolitionists had once been slaves themselves, and could tell of slavery's horrors based on personal experience.

Two leading black abolitionists were Henry Highland Garnett and Frederick Douglass. As rivals for black abolitionist leadership, they also demonstrated the divisions within the movement. Henry Highland Garnett and Frederick Douglass were rivals for black abolitionist leadership, and they demonstrated the divisions within the movement.

Henry Highland Garnett was the more militant of the two, and as early as 1843 was calling for slaves to rise up against their owners and make themselves free. Garnett was the more militant of the two, and as early as 1843 was calling for slaves to rise up against their owners and make themselves free.

Garnett believed that any violence done by slaves in the act of freeing themselves was justified on the grounds of self defense. His stated belief was that it was better to die free than live as slaves. Garnett believed that any violence done by slaves in the act of freeing themselves was justified on the grounds of self defense. His stated believe was that it was better to die free than live as slaves.

Frederick Douglass was the best orator, black or white, in the movement.
He had escaped slavery as a youth, taught himself to read and write, and published his Autobiography in 1845. Frederick Douglass was the best orator, black or white, in the movement. He had escaped slavery as a youth, taught himself to read and write, and published his Autobiography in He disagreed with Garnett on the role of violence in abolition, but not on the degradations of slavery.

Like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass published an antislavery newspaper, The North Star.
He disagreed with Garnett on the role of violence in abolition, but not on the degrad-ations of slavery. Frederick Douglass was the best orator, black or white, in the movement. He had escaped slavery as a youth, taught himself to read and write, and published his Autobiography in He disagreed with Garnett on the role of violence in abolition, but not on the degradations of slavery.

He worked tirelessly with white politicians and social leaders throughout the 1840s and `50s, and beyond the Civil War. Until his death in 1895, Douglass spoke out on behalf of black equality, the rights of working people, and for the right of women to vote. He worked tirelessly with white politicians and social leaders throughout the 1840s and `50s, and beyond the Civil War. Until his death in 1895, Douglass spoke out on behalf of black equality, the rights of working people, and for the right of women to vote.

Write down the letter of every true response to this question!
3. What were Frederick Douglass’ contributions to the abolitionist movement? Published an autobiography about his life as a slave Encouraged slaves to rise up violently against their masters Made many public speeches against slavery Sponsored an antislavery amendment in Congress Published an antislavery newspaper Write down the letter of every true response to this question!

Black women such as Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman also played major roles in the antislavery movement. Black women such as Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman also played major roles in the antislavery movement.

Sojourner Truth had been born a slave, and although she was illiterate, Truth was a powerful speaker who sometimes used songs she had composed in her speeches. Isabella Baumfree had been born a slave, and changed her name to Sojourner Truth when she became free. Although she was illiterate, Truth stood six feet tall and was a powerful speaker who sometimes in her speeches used songs she had composed.

Harriet Tubman was a runaway slave from Maryland.
She aided the movement by working as a ‘conductor’ on the Underground Railroad. Harriet Tubman was a runaway slave from Maryland. She aided the movement by working as a `conductor' on the Underground Railroad, an informal network of abolitionists who hid runaway slaves fleeing to Canada.

Some abolitionists helped slaves escape to freedom along the Underground Railroad.
Nether a railroad nor underground Informal network of abolitionists who hid runaway slaves fleeing to Canada Traveled secretly from house to house Aided by ‘conductors’ (sympathetic whites and free blacks) along the way

At the risk of her own freedom and safety, Tubman returned to slave states nineteen time to guide other blacks to freedom. At the risk of her own freedom and safety, Tubman returned to slave states nineteen time to guide other blacks to freedom.

4. How did Sojourner Truth fight for abolition?
Published an autobiography about her life as a slave Worked on the Underground Railroad to help runaway slaves escape to freedom Encouraged slaves to rise up violently against their masters Made many public speeches against slavery Published an antislavery newspaper

5. How did runaway slaves escape to freedom on the Underground Railroad?
Worked as laborers on trains until they could escape to a free state Dug tunnels for the railway as they waited for the right moment to escape Moved from house to house at night, working their way north Sneaked onto trains at night as their masters slept and fled to freedom

6. How did Harriet Tubman fight against slavery?
Read antislavery petitions in Congress Published an autobiography about her life as a slave Made many public speeches against slavery Worked on the Underground Railroad to help runaway slaves escape to freedom Published an antislavery newspaper

Lesson 14.4c: The Women’s Suffrage Movement
Today we will identify major leaders of the women’s suffrage movement.

Vocabulary suffrage – the right to vote
women’s suffrage movement – organized efforts to bring the right to vote to women grievance – a complaint or a wrong to be righted

Check for Understanding
What are we going to do today? What is suffrage? What is another word for a grievance? What was the goal of the women’s suffrage movement?

Women had been very active in the abolition movement for years.
What We Already Know Women had been very active in the abolition movement for years.

What We Already Know Many people in that time considered those actions inappropriate for women.

Underground Railroad Created to help runaway slaves
Above ground series of escape routes from the South to the North Runaways traveled by night and hid by day in places called ‘stations’ (stables, attics, cellars)

Harriet Tubman leading people to freedom on the Underground Railroad
was a ‘conductor’ who risked her life leading people to freedom on the Underground Railroad she escaped slavery in 1849 made 19 dangerous journeys to free enslaved people $40,000 bounty on her head “…I never lost a passenger.”

Sojourner Truth and the Grimke sisters had given public speeches against slavery.

Grimke Sisters Grew up on Southern plantation
Believed slavery morally wrong Moved to North & lectured in public against slavery even though women weren’t suppose to lecture in public Helped send petitions to Congress

Skilled speakers, writers, and organizers began to emerge.
Sojourner Truth, famous for her abolitionist speeches, also spoke powerfully on behalf of women’s rights. Maria Mitchell was a famous astronomer whose Quaker upbringing taught that men and women were intellectually equal. She helped found the Association for the Advancement of Women in 1873.

Sojourner Truth was born a slave…
Fled in 1827 and lived with Quakers who set her free Devout Christian who spoke openly for abolition of slavery Drew huge crowds in the North when she spoke

Women abolitionists were not always welcome.
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were not allowed to speak at the World Anti-Slavery Convention in London in 1840, and even had to remain seated behind a curtain.

Some men were sympathetic, but most men agreed: women should stay out of public life.

Anti-Slavery Newspapers
The North Star Frederick Douglass

William Lloyd Garrison
“The Liberator”

Women had few rights in the 1800s.
Women couldn’t vote, hold public office, or sit on juries. In most states, a woman’s property became her husband’s when they married. Men who physically abused their wives were rarely prosecuted.

The Seneca Falls Convention
Inspired by their experience at the World Anti-Slavery Convention, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized a convention to discuss women’s rights in 1848. The women wrote out their complaints in a document modeled on the Declaration of Independence.

The Declaration of Sentiments
“All men and women are created equal.” It compared the treatment of women by men to the way the British king had treated the colonists. It contained a list of grievances and resolutions for change

The Declaration of Sentiments
The women demanded to be given “. . . all the rights and privileges which belong to them as citizens of the United States.” The Declaration of Sentiments ended with a call for women’s suffrage.

7. At the Seneca Falls Conven-tion, what did the women demand?
A new law outlawing alcohol Equal pay with men for the same jobs All the rights and privileges which belong to them as U.S. citizens An end to slavery

8. What did the Seneca Falls Convention’s “Declaration of Sentiments” declare to be true?
It was God’s manifest destiny that women should have the right to vote. Men and women were created equal by God. It is God’s will that women be given the right to vote. Slavery is a sin in the eyes of God.

The resolution on suffrage was controversial.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Frederick Douglass argued that voting rights would give women the political power they needed to win other rights. After much debate and discussion, the suffrage resolution narrowly passed.

The public was not ready to accept voting rights for women.
Many men — and some women — believed that women were not suited to vote because they could not think clearly and independently.

Church leaders taught that women by nature were believed to be dependent on men and subordinate to them.

Many thought that women's place was in the home, caring for husband and children. Entry of women into political life might lead to disruption of the family.

Susan B. Anthony worked in the temperance, abolition and women’s rights movements.
Anthony was a skilled organizer who built the women’s movement into a national organization. In the 1830s, she began fighting for women’s property rights, as well as equal pay for women. In 1849 she began working against the use of alcohol.

In 1851, Anthony met Stanton and they began working together.
Because Stanton wanted a more radical women's rights platform than just voting rights, the two sometimes disagreed. For many years, the two women crossed the nation giving speeches and trying to persuade the government that society should treat men and women equally.

Anthony would give 64 of her 86 years of life to various social movements.
She participated in the founding of several women’s rights organizations until 1900, when she retired. Her work led to her commemoration on a $1 coin from to 1999.

Write down the letter of every true response to this question!
9. What were Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s contributions to the women’s rights movement? She spoke out in favor of women’s rights at the World Anti-Slavery Convention. She helped the American public come to accept voting rights for women. She helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention on women’s rights. She helped win passage of the resolution on women’s suffrage in the Declaration of Sentiments. Write down the letter of every true response to this question!

10. How did Susan B. Anthony work for women’s rights?
She spoke out in favor of women’s rights at the World Anti-Slavery Convention. She built the women’s movement into a national organization. She helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention on women’s rights. She fought for women’s property rights, as well as equal pay for women. Write down the letter of every true response to this question!

Lesson 14.4a: The Abolition Movement

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