1. Vaccine Preventable Diseases
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Vaccine Preventable Diseases
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2. Vaccine Preventable Diseases
Overview
Preventable Diseases
Diseases Symptoms and Effects
Vaccines Available
References
Contact Information
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3. Overview Reasons to Immunize Children
Protect Children
Diseases still exist
Diseases are not spread out
Children do not suffer from disease
Vaccines help prevent infectious diseases and save lives
Immunity to diseases wears off
Booster doses
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4. Preventable Diseases Hepatitis B Varicella (Chickenpox) Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Meningococcal
Rotavirus
Human Papillomavirus
Zoster
Influenza
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5. Vaccine Preventable Diseases
Symptoms and Effects
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6. Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
Signs and symptoms
Might include nausea, lack of appetite, tiredness, muscle, joint, or stomach pain, fever, diarrhea or vomiting, headache, dark urine, light-colored stools, jaundice
Most common mode of exposure
Sexual contact
Needle sticks or sharps
Infected mother to her baby during birth
About 5 out of 100 people in the United States will contract HBV infection sometime in their lifetime, if not vaccinated.
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7. Diphtheria
Caused by a bacterium, Corynebacterium diphtheriae which releases a toxin, or poison, into the person's body
Signs
Thick coating at the back of the throat
Other body sites affected
nose, larynx, eye, vagina, and skin
Symptoms
Sore throat, fever, chills, difficulty swallowing
Can lead to suffocation, paralysis, heart failure, coma, or death
Spreads through direct contact with an infected person
by coughing and sneezing
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8. Tetanus (Td)
Caused by a toxin (poison) produced by a bacterium, Clostridium tetani
Spores are very difficult to kill. Resistant to heat and many chemical agents
Mode of exposure
Cuts, punctures, or other wounds, dirt or feces of animals
Symptoms
Muscle rigidity in mouth, jaws, arms, legs, and stomach, severe convulsions, difficulty opening mouth and swallowing
Leads to broken bones from muscle spasms; breathing problems/lung infections; coma and death
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9. Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Caused by a bacterium, Bordetella pertussis
Highly contagious; spreads through the air by infectious droplets
Signs and Symptoms
Coughing spasms with a "whooping“ sound
Difficulty breathing
Can lead to pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, or death
Can be a very serious disease, especially for infants
Infants younger than age one year accounted for 19% of pertussis cases and 92% of pertussis deaths in the United States during
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10. Polio
Common mode of Transmission
Via the fecal-oral route (i.e., the virus is transmitted from the stool of an infected person to the mouth of another person from contaminated hands or such objects as eating utensils).
May be spread directly via an oral to oral route
Sign and Symptoms
Fever, muscle pain, paralysis, headache
Can lead to severe illness, deformities, and death
No cases of "wild" (i.e., natural) polio acquired in the United States since 1979
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11. Measles
It is spread through the air by infectious droplets and is highly contagious
Symptoms
Fever, runny nose, cough, loss of appetite, "pink eye," rash from face to feet
Can lead to pneumonia, ear infections, brain damage, seizures, and death
Death from measles occurs in approximately 2 per 1,000 reported cases in the United States
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12. Mumps
Spreads through coughing, sneezing, or just talking to an infected person
Sign of mumps
“Parotitis," the swelling of the salivary glands, or parotid glands, below the ear. Occurs only in 30%-40% of individuals infected with mumps
Can lead to brain damage, deafness, and sterility in men
Due to good immunization coverage,
mumps is now rare in the United States.
An estimated 212,000 cases occurred in
1964, while only 258 cases were reported
in 2004
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13. Rubella (German Measles)
Mode of transmission
Person to person through the air
Mother to baby during pregnancy. Less contagious than measles and chickenpox
Symptoms and effects
Head-to-toe rash with mild fever
First trimester of pregnancy can lead to fetal death,
premature delivery, serious birth defects such as:
deafness, blindness, and mental retardation
Good immunization coverage
Rubella and CRS are rare in the United
States at the present time.
It can be imported into the United
States at any time
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14. Varicella (Chickenpox)
Caused by the varicella-zoster virus.
Mode of transmission
Coughing, sneezing, or contact with an infected person’s sores; highly contagious
Symptoms
Itchy rash with up to 500 sores and blisters, fever, sore throat, fever, coughing, fussiness, headache, and loss of appetite
Can lead to brain damage, lung damage, or death
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15. Menningococcal Disease
Caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis
Mode of transmission
Spread person-to-person through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretions (e.g., by coughing, kissing, or sharing eating utensils)
Most common symptoms
High fever, chills, lethargy, and a rash.
If meningitis is present, the symptoms will also include headache and neck stiffness (which may not be present in infants); seizures may also occur
There are approximately 2,000-3,000 cases of meningococcal disease each year in the United States
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16. Rotavirus Mode of transmission
Enters through the mouth; infects the lining of the intestines
Very contagious, spreading easily from children who are already infected to other children and sometimes adults
Symptoms
Fever, an upset stomach, vomiting, followed by diarrhea
Every year in the United States, rotavirus causes illness in 2.7 million children.
Each year in the United States rotavirus is responsible for more than 400,000 doctor visits, more than 200,000 emergency room visits, 55,000-70,000 hospitalizations, and deaths.
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17. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Most commonly sexually transmitted virus
Spread through sexual contact
No symptoms when infected
May disappear on its own
Genital warts in men and women
Abnormal Pap test
Abnormal vaginal bleeding, discomfort during intercourse
Can lead to certain cancers in women and men
Approximately 20 million people are currently infected with HPV
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18. One million cases of shingles in the U.S.
Shingles (Zoster)
Caused by varicella-zoster virus
Virus stays in nervous system
Possibly spread to people never exposed
or vaccinated against chickenpox Most common in people 50 years old or older
Symptoms
Pain, itching, or tingling, fever, headache, chills and upset stomach
Starts as a painful skin rash often with blisters
Usually one side of body or face
Last up to 30 days
Long-term nerve pain
Rarely causes pneumonia, hearing problems, blindness, brain inflammation or death
One million cases of shingles in the U.S.
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19. Influenza Two types of Influenza Virus Influenza A Influenza B
Symptoms
Onset of fever, aching muscles, sore throat, and non-productive cough. Additional symptoms may include runny nose, headache, a burning sensation in the chest, and eye pain and sensitivity to light
Children age two years and younger have hospitalization rates second only to people age 65 years and older
On average, more than 200,000 people in the United States are hospitalized each year for respiratory and heart-related illnesses associated with influenza virus infections
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20. Vaccines Available Hepatitis A Hepatitis B
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP)
Haemophilus Influenza Type B (Hib)
Pneumoccocal Conjugate (PCV13)
Polio (IPV)
Rotavirus
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Meningococcal (MCV4)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Tetanus (Td)
Zoster (Shingles)
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide (PPSV23)
Influenza (Flu)
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21. References:
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
American Academy of Pediatrics
World Health Organization
American Society of Microbiology Educational Instructional Library
Vaccine Information from the Immunization Action Coalition
Photo courtesy of Center for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, American Academy of Pediatrics, World Health Organization, photo credit Dr. D. Mahalanabis
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22. City of El Paso Department TEXAS VACCINES FOR CHILDREN (TVFC)
of Public Health
TEXAS VACCINES FOR CHILDREN (TVFC)
6292 Trowbridge Dr.
El Paso, TX
(915)
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