1. First Aid Day VII Objectives The Student will be able to assess and respond to Bites and Stings The Student will be able to assess and respond to a Heart Attack The Student will be able to assess and respond to Stroke The Student will be able to assess and respond to Asthma Attacks The Student will be able to assess and respond to Hyperventilation The Student will be able to assess and respond to Fainting and Seizures The Student will be able to assess and respond to Diabetic Emergencies The Student will be able to assess and respond to emergencies during Pregnancy SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e

2. BITES AND STINGS Overview –Not usually life-threatening but can be a source of disease transmission and infection Examples of Bites and Stings –Human and Animal Bites –Snake Bites –Insect Stings –Spider Bites and Scorpion Stings –Embedded Ticks

3. Human and Animal Bites (COPY) RESPOND: Control Bleeding Clean injury with soap and water Seek medical attention for cleaning and vaccination

4. Snake Bites Snake Bites (COPY) Poisonous Snakes in the US –Pit Vipers in VA Copperheads Rattlesnakes Water Moccasin (cottonmouth) –Coral Snakes

5. Assess: Snake Bites (COPY) Assess within 6 hours –Localized pain/burning –Swelling –Nausea –Sweating –Weakness

6. Respond: Snake Bites Respond: Snake Bites (COPY) Monitor and Care –Get victim away from snake and keep them quiet and calm Clean injury –Clean bitten area and bandage as you would a minor wound Stabilize Injury –Stabilize the bitten area as you would a fracture »MINIMIZE MOVEMENT!!!!

7. Insect Stings (COPY) Signs of stings –Localized pain –Itching –Swelling Examples of stinging insects –Honeybee –Hornet –Yellow-jacket –Fire ant –Wasps

8. Respond: Insect Stings (COPY) Clean injury: –Remove stinger and venom sac by scraping with a firm object and wash area with soap and water Cool area: –Apply ice to slow absorption rate, relieve pain, and reduce swelling Assist with Medication: –Hydrocortisone, pain medication or antihistamine, epinephrine if prescribed Monitor for at least 30 minutes and activate EMS if a severe allergic reaction develops

9. Spiders and Scorpions (COPY) Types of Poisonous spiders in the US –Brown Recluse –Black Widow –Tarantula Signs and Symptoms –Itching and swelling –Localized pain –Possible nausea, vomiting, headache, or fever

10. Respond: Spiders and Scorpions (COPY) Clean Injury –Soap and water –Rubbing alcohol Cool Area –Apply ice Monitor and Care –Seek medical attention if necessary

11. Embedded Ticks (COPY) No initial pain Varies from small bump to extensive swelling Fever, chills, or rashes may develop (Lyme Disease)

12. Respond: Embedded Ticks Respond: Embedded Ticks (COPY) Remove Tick and Clean Injury –Use tweezers to lift the tick straight off (close to skin) –Wash area with soap and water Cool Area –Apply ice Monitor and Care –Calamine lotion to relieve itching –Monitor victim for rashes, fever, muscle aches, and leg weakness for a month

13. SUDDEN ILLNESS (COPY) Overview –Apparent (illness) weakness that occurs without warning. Can be immediately life-threatening Examples of Sudden Illness –Heart Attack –Stroke –Asthma Attack –Hyperventilation –Fainting and Seizures –Diabetic Emergency

14. Heart Attack (COPY) Blood flow is interrupted and heart tissue begins to die

15. Assess: Heart Attack (COPY) Persistent chest pain lasting more than 3 to 5 minutes Chest pain that travels to the neck, jaw, or down the (left) arm Nausea, dizziness, or extreme fatigue or weakness Shortness of breath or trouble breathing Sweating or cold sweat without fever Angina happens when the heart muscle does not get as much blood (oxygen) as it needs

16. Respond: Heart Attack (COPY) Call EMS Help victim rest in a comfortable position and continue to monitor carefully Provide 1 adult aspirin or 2-4 children’s chewable aspirin if possible Assist with heart medication if applicable

17. StrokeStroke (COPY) Disruption of blood supply to the brain Types of stroke –Blocked Vessel –Ruptured Vessel Stroke is the leading cause of death and serious disability among Americans

18. Assess: Stroke (COPY) Facial Droop Altered responsiveness and/or severe headache Visual problems or dizziness Speaking difficulties or slurred speech Weakness or paralysis of one or more limbs

19. Respond: Stroke (COPY) Call EMS Immediately –Can be the difference between recovery and disability Monitor and Care –Check responsiveness –If unresponsive but breathing, place in recovery position For treatment to be effective it must be administered in the first 3 hours!

20. Asthma (COPY) Airway inflamed and breathing restricted

21. Asthma

22. Assess: Asthma (COPY) Shortness of breath Difficulty breathing Wheezing Rapid breathing Bluish skin color

23. Respond: Asthma Respond: Asthma (COPY) Assist with Medication Monitor and Care –Keep victim in an upright position, leaning slightly forward for comfortable breathing

24. Hyperventilation (COPY) Fast, deep breathing often associated with emotional stress

25. Assess: Hyperventilation (COPY) Rapid, deep breathing Dizziness Numbness and tingling

26. Respond: Hyperventilation (COPY) Monitor and Care –Calm victim –Encourage slow, regular breathing into cupped hands Do NOT use a paper bag

27. Fainting and Seizures (COPY) Decreased blood flow to the brain as a result of fright, anxiety, drugs, fatigue, heart rhythm disturbances, dehydration, or heat exhaustion.

28. Assess: Fainting and Seizures (COPY) Fainting –Dizziness –Visual impairment –Nausea –Pale skin –Sweating Seizure –Abnormal stimulation of brain

29. Respond: Fainting and Seizures (COPY) Monitor and Care –Fainting Place victim on back and elevate legs 6-12 inches Seek medical care if condition doesn’t improve quickly –Seizures Protect victim from injury Place victim on side Call EMS

30. Diabetic Emergencies Diabetic Emergencies (COPY) Body fails to produce enough insulin that converts carbohydrates to energy for body cells. Cells are deprived of energy and sugar builds up in the blood. Hypoglycemia is the most common –Low blood sugar Hyperglycemia –High blood sugar

31. Assess: Diabetic Emergencies (COPY) Poor coordination Pale skin Confusion/disorientation Sudden hunger Excessive sweating Unresponsiveness

32. Respond: Diabetic Emergencies (COPY) Provide fluids –If victim is conscious enough to swallow –Sugar if victim is a know diabetic Monitor and Care –Call EMS is symptoms don’t improve

33. Emergencies During Pregnancy (COPY) Transport immediately if: –Vaginal bleeding –Cramps in lower abdomen –Swelling of face or fingers –Severe, continuous headache –Dizziness or fainting –Blurring of vision or seeing spots –Uncontrollable vomiting

34. Bell Ringer #7 Confusion Scenario #7 You are conducting patron surveillance. An older adult has been exercising in about shoulder deep water. As you continue to scan you see him suddenly stop what he is doing; he looks confused and seems to be having trouble with one side of his body. Describe what steps you would take to help this older adult and why you would take these actions.