1. Fragmented Worlds: The Middle Ages in East and West

2. Fragmented Worlds: Middle Ages in East & West I. Germanic Migrations and a new Europe A. Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) B. Germanic and non-Germanic Migrations to the West C.Mapping Europe in the Dark Ages – The Rise of the Franks and Clovis conversion (496) II. The Byzantine Empire and Maintaining Romanness in the East A. The Reign of Justinian B. Expansion and Decline of Byzantine World IV. The Rise and Development of the Islamic World A. Background and Muhammad as Prophet B. Islamic Beliefs—Five Pillars C. Spread of Islam D. Islamic Scholarship

3. I. Germanic Migrations, Fall of Rome, and New Europe A. Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) “the triumph of barbarism and religion” B. Germanic and non-Germanic Migrations to the West – Huns, Visigoths, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Franks, Angles, Saxons…. – Relationship between Germanic Politics and Culture with Roman Society C. Mapping Europe in the Dark Ages – The Rise of the Franks and Clovis’s conversion to Christianity (496)

4. Germanic Migrations

5. The End of the Western Roman Empire The German migrations: Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals & Franks; Lombards later Visigoths defeat Roman army at Adrianople in 378 Emperor Valens dies in battle Assimilation of the German peoples into empire Visigoths under Alaric sack Rome (410) Augustine writes City of God Attila and Huns invade Italy in 452 Vandals lead attack on Rome in 455

6. The End of the Western Roman Empire (cont’d) Attila and Huns invade Italy in 452 Vandals lead attack on Rome in 455 Odovacer (German mercenary for Rome) rebels and takes western Empire for himself Ostrogoths under Theodoric attack the Roman Empire and enter Rome (493) “Rome fell to the Goths in the 1164 th year after its foundation,” –Venerable Bede (c. 673-735) The withdrawal to the countryside (transition from slavery to serfdom)

7. The Rise of the Franks Clovis (466-511) and his conversion (496) 732--Charles Martel defeats Muslims at Poitiers Boniface and Barbarian Conversions (680-754?) 755-756—Franks defeat Lombards Gift of papal state by Pepin Mapping Europe in the Dark Ages

9. The Byzantine Empire I. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world II.The Reign of Justinian (527-565) Nika Revolts 532 Church: Hagia Sophia (537) Law: uniform law for empire Corpus Juris Civilis III. Expansion and Decline of Empire

11. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world The Reign of Justinian (527-565) 532: Nika Revolts Church Eastern Church and orthodoxy Hagia Sophia (537) Society and Politics Bribery and limits on women’s status Powerful bureaucracy Taxes, expansion, and building projects Codification of law Uniform law for Empire based on precedent Corpus Juris Civilis

12. Mosiac of Emperor Justinian (527-564)

13. Hagia Sophia A.D. 537

14. I. Maintaining Romanness in a multicultural world II.The Reign of Justinian (527-565) 532: Nika Revolts Church Eastern Church and orthodoxy Hagia Sophia (537) Society and Politics Bribery and limits on women’s status Powerful bureaucracy Taxes, expansion, and building projects Codification of law Uniform law for Empire based on precedent Corpus Juris Civilis

15. Theodora (d. 548), Wife of Emperor Justinian

17. III. Byzantine Empire: Gradual Decline Persian invasions: Jerusalem (614) and Egypt (619) Siege of Constantinople by the Avars (626) Defeat of Byzantine army by the Bulgars (670) The decline of urban life

18. Europe at the death of Justinian, 565

19. IV. The Rise and Development of the Islamic World Background Muhammad as Prophet Islamic Beliefs Spread of Islam Islamic Scholarship

20. Koran in the majestic Kufic script (7 th or 8 th century) The Rise of Islam Bedouins before the 7 th century Muhammed (c. 570-632) and the Qur’an Monotheism: Hegira the journey from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) and back (622) The five pillars of Islam: Faith, prayer 5 times daily, zakat (alms), fast of Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca Ummah = community of believers

21. The five pillars of Islam: 1.Faith (shahadah) 2.Prayer (salah) 3.Charity (Zakat) 4.Fast of Ramadan (9 th month of Islamic calendar) 5.Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) (629)

22. Ka’ba: Black meteorite in Mecca 624: Battle of Badr 629: Mecca

24. Islamic Conquests Battle of Badr 624 (control of Mecca) Conquest of Palestine and Persia by 637 Seige of Constantinople 674 Conquest of Visigothic kingdom by 711 Battle of Poitiers/Tours 734

25. Growth of Islam by Eighth Century Martel turns back Muslims at Poitiers by 732

26. Scientific and cultural contributions to the West Inquiry and Islam Philosophy Ibn Sina 980-1037 Mathematics Al-Khwarizmi book on “Al-jabr” Science Navigation

27. Astrolabe Family of Al- Asturlabi Measures altitude of sun to calculate time and latitutde