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Muscle Tissue
Function is to contract, or shorten, to produce movement
Three types:
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
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2. Muscle and Nervous Tissue
Pages

3. Three types of muscle tissue
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

4. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Voluntarily (consciously) controlled
Attached to the bones or skin
Produces gross body movements or facial expressions
Characteristics of skeletal muscle cells
Striations (stripes)
Multinucleate (more than one nucleus)
Long, cylindrical shape
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5. (a) Diagram: Skeletal muscle Photomicrograph: Skeletal muscle (195×)
Figure 3.20a Type of muscle tissue and their common locations in the body.
Nuclei
Part of muscle fiber
(a) Diagram: Skeletal muscle
Photomicrograph: Skeletal muscle (195×)

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Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Involuntarily controlled
Found only in the heart
Pumps blood through blood vessels
Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells
Striations
One nucleus, short, branching cells
Look somewhat like bamboo
Intercalated discs:
Areas between cells which contain gap junctions to connect cells together so that the impulse spreads across the heart to create one contraction at a time
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7. (b) Diagram: Cardiac muscle Photomicrograph: Cardiac muscle (475×)
Figure 3.20b Type of muscle tissue and their common locations in the body.
Intercalated discs
Nucleus
(b) Diagram: Cardiac muscle
Photomicrograph: Cardiac muscle (475×)

8. Compare the two- note the differences
Skeletal
Cardiac

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Smooth Muscle Tissue
Involuntarily controlled
Found in walls of hollow organs such as stomach, uterus, and blood vessels
where constricting and enlarging is required
Peristalsis: a wavelike activity that moves digested material through the small intestine
Characteristics:
No visible striations
Single nucleus
Spindle-shaped cells
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10. (c) Diagram: Smooth muscle
Figure 3.20c Type of muscle tissue and their common locations in the body.
Smooth muscle cell
Nuclei
(c) Diagram: Smooth muscle
Photomicrograph: Sheet of smooth muscle (285×)

11. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Nervous Tissue
Two types of cells:
Neurons
nerve support cells called neuroglia
these insulate, protect, and support neurons
Function: receive and conduct electrochemical impulses to and from body parts
Irritability
Conductivity
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12. Nuclei of supporting cells Spinal cord
Figure 3.21 Nervous tissue.
Brain
Nuclei of supporting cells
Spinal cord
Nuclei of supporting cells
Cell body of neuron
Cell body of neuron
Neuron processes
Neuron processes
Diagram: Nervous tissue
Photomicrograph: Neurons (320×)

13. Nervous tissue: Internal communication
Figure 3.22 Summary of the major functions and body locations of the four tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
Nervous tissue: Internal communication
• Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Muscle tissue: Contracts to cause movement
• Muscles attached to bones (skeletal)
• Muscles of heart (cardiac)
• Muscles of walls of hollow organs (smooth)
Epithelial tissue: Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters
• Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs
• Skin surface (epidermis)
Connective tissue: Supports, protects, binds other tissues together
• Bones
• Tendons
• Fat and other soft padding tissue

14. Tissue Repair (Wound Healing)
Occurs in two ways:
Regeneration
Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells; cells divide to make new ones
Fibrosis
Repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue (scar tissue)
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15. Tissue Repair (Wound Healing)
The type of healing is determined by:
Type of tissue damaged
Severity of the injury
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16. Events in Tissue Repair
Inflammation
Capillaries become very permeable
Clotting proteins migrate into the area from the bloodstream
A clot (visible fibers from blood) walls off the injured area
Granulation tissue forms
Growth of new capillaries
Phagocytes dispose of blood clot and fibroblasts
Rebuild collagen fibers
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17. Events in Tissue Repair
Regeneration of surface epithelium
Scab detaches
Whether scar is visible or invisible depends on severity of wound
Scar tissue is constructed of many collagen fibers
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18. Regeneration of Tissues
regenerate easily
Epithelial tissue (skin and mucous membranes)
Fibrous connective tissues and bone
regenerate poorly
Skeletal muscle
Dense connective tissues like tendons, ligaments
replaced largely with scar tissue
Cardiac muscle
Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord
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19. Development Aspects of Cells and Tissues
Growth via cell division continues through puberty
Cell exposed to friction replace lost cells throughout life (like epithelial cells)
Connective tissue forms repair (scar) tissue
Scar tissue is a form of connective tissue constructed of many collagen fibers
Cells that lose ability to divide: (become amitotic)
muscle tissue (by the end of puberty)
Nervous tissue (shortly after birth)
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